Ibn al-Baitar
| Al-Baitar | |
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Al-Baitar
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| Born | 1197 Málaga, Andalusia, Almoravid dynasty, now Province of Málaga, Spain |
| Died | 1248 (aged 51) Damascus, Ayyubid dynasty, now Syria |
| Fields | Botanist, Scientist, Pharmacist, Physician |
| Known for | Scientific classification Oncology |
| Influences | Al-Ghafiqi, Maimonides |
| Influenced | Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿa, Amir Dowlat, Andrea Alpago |
Ibn al-Bayṭār al-Mālaqī, Ḍiyāʾ Al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdllāh Ibn Aḥmad (or just Ibn al-Baytar, Arabic: ابن البيطار) (1197–1248) was a pharmacist, botanist, physician and scientist. His main contribution was to systematically record the additions made by Islamic physicians in the Middle Ages, which added between 300 and 400 types of medicine to the one thousand previously known since antiquity.
Born in the city of Málaga in Al-Andalus (Muslim-controlled Spain) at the end of the 12th century, Ibn al-Baitar learned botany from the Málagan botanist Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati with whom he started collecting plants in and around Spain. Al-Nabati was responsible for developing an early scientific method, introducing empirical and experimental techniques in the testing, description and identification of numerous materia medica, and separating unverified reports from those supported by actual tests and observations. Such an approach was thus adopted by Ibn al-Baitar. (The statue depicted is in Benalmadena Costa and the inscription states that al-Baytar was born in Benalmadena).
In 1219, Ibn al-Baitar left Málaga to travel in the Islamic world to collect plants. He travelled from the northern coast of Africa as far as Anatolia. The major stations he visited include Bugia, Constantinople, Tunis, Tripoli, Barqa and Adalia.
After 1224, he entered the service of al-Kamil, an Ayyubid Sultan, and was appointed chief herbalist. In 1227 al-Kamil extended his domination to Damascus, and Ibn al-Baitar accompanied him there which provided him an opportunity to collect plants in Syria. His researches on plants extended over a vast area including Arabia and Palestine. He died in Damascus in 1248.
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