Iazyges

The Iazyges (IPA: [aɪə'zɪɡiːz]; Ancient Greek: Ἰάζυγες, singular Ἰάζυξ) were an ancient Sarmatian tribe who travelled westward from Central Asia onto the steppes of what is now Ukraine in c. 200 BC. Later on, in c. 44 BC, they moved further into Hungary and Serbia, settling near Dacia, in the steppe between the Danube and Tisza rivers. Although originally migratory, they became semi-sedentary after settling in the steppe between the Danube and the Tisza rivers.

In the Iazyges' early relationship with Rome, they were used as a buffer state, being between the Romans and the Dacians. Later on this would develop into an overlord and client-state relationship, with the Iazyges being nominally sovereign subjects of Rome. Throughout this relationship, the Iazyges still continued their raids Roman land, which often caused punitive expeditions to be made against them.

The Iazyges' name was variously Latinized as Iazyges Metanastae (Ἰάζυγες Μετανάσται) and Jazyges, and sometimes as Iaxamatae.

Although originally nomads, after the Iazyges had migrated to the Tisza plain they became semi-sedentary, and lived in towns. They would migrate between their towns in order to feed their cattle. The names of eight of their towns are recorded: Uscenum, Bormanum, Abinta, Trissum, Parca, Candanum, Pessium, and Partiscum. Their capital was at Partiscum, the site of which is roughly where the city of Kecskemét is in Hungary. Their language was a dialect of Old Iranian, and was very different from most of the other Sarmatian dialects of Old Iranian. When an Iazyx became too old to fight in battle, they were killed by their sons.

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