Hydron (chemistry)
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| Names | |
|---|---|
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Systematic IUPAC name
Hydron (substitutive)
Hydrogen(1+) (additive) |
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| Identifiers | |
| 12408-02-5 | |
| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:15378 |
| ChemSpider |
1010 
|
| 2346 | |
| KEGG |
C00080
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| PubChem | [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1038 |
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| Properties | |
| H+ |
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| Molar mass | 1.01 g·mol−1 |
| Thermochemistry | |
|
Std molar
entropy (S |
108.95 J K−1 mol−1 |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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| Infobox references | |
pubchem from PubChem 1038 pubchem from PubChem]
In chemistry, a hydron is the general name for a cationic form of atomic hydrogen, represented with the symbol H+
. However, in most textbooks, this term is avoided and instead "proton" is used, which strictly speaking refers to the cation of protium, the most common isotope of hydrogen. The term "hydron" includes cations of hydrogen regardless of their isotopic composition: thus it refers collectively to protons (1H+) for the protium isotope, deuterons (2H+ or D+) for the deuterium isotope, and tritons (3H+ or T+) for the tritium isotope. Unlike other ions, the hydron consists only of a bare atomic nucleus.
The hydron (a completely free or "naked" hydrogen atomic nucleus) is too reactive to occur in many liquids, even though it is sometimes visualized to do so by students of chemistry. A free hydron would react with a molecule of the liquid to form a more complicated cation. Examples are the hydronium ion in water-based acids, and H
2F+
, the unstable cation of fluoroantimonic acid, the strongest superacid. For this reason, in such liquids including liquid acids, hydrons diffuse by contact from one complex cation to another, via the Grotthuss mechanism.
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