Huang Quan (Three Kingdoms)
| Huang Quan | |
|---|---|
| General of Cao Wei | |
| Born | (Unknown) |
| Died | 240 |
| Names | |
| Traditional Chinese | 黃權 |
| Simplified Chinese | 黄权 |
| Pinyin | Huáng Quán |
| Wade–Giles | Huang Chuän |
| Courtesy name | Gongheng (Chinese: 公衡; pinyin: Gōnghéng; Wade–Giles: Kung-heng) |
| Posthumous name | Marquis Jing (Chinese: 景侯; pinyin: Jǐng Hóu; Wade–Giles: Ching Hou) |
Huang Quan (died 240),courtesy name Gongheng, was a military general of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. He previously served under the warlords Liu Zhang and Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty and in the state of Shu Han (founded by Liu Bei) in the early Three Kingdoms period before defecting to Wei. Liu Bei relied heavily on Huang Quan for counsel in both domestic and foreign policy. Under the Wei government, however, Huang Quan was restricted to only internal affairs because even though the Wei emperor Cao Pi appreciated him for his talent, he doubted Huang's allegiance and believed he was still secretly loyal to Liu Bei.
Huang Quan was from Langzhong County (閬中縣), Baxi Commandery (巴西郡), Yi Province (益州; covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing), which is in present-day Langzhong, Sichuan. He started his career as a minor official in the commandery office and was later recruited to be a Registrar (主簿) under Yi Province's governor, Liu Zhang. Around 211, Zhang Song, an advisor to Liu Zhang, suggested to his lord to invite the warlord Liu Bei from Jing Province (covering present-day Hubei and Hunan) to assist them in countering their rival, Zhang Lu, in Hanzhong Commandery. Huang Quan strongly opposed Zhang Song's idea because he felt that Liu Bei was an ambitious person and might use the opportunity to seize control of Yi Province. However, Liu Zhang refused to listen to Huang Quan and he heeded Zhang Song's suggestion. Huang Quan was appointed as the Chief (長) of Guanghan County (廣漢縣; south of present-day Shehong County, Sichuan). Later, in 212, as Huang Quan foresaw, conflict broke out between Liu Zhang and Liu Bei when the latter initiated a campaign to take over Yi Province from the former. Huang Quan defended his position firmly even though many territories in Yi Province had already either been conquered or had voluntarily submitted to Liu Bei. He only surrendered when he heard that Liu Zhang had surrendered to Liu Bei in Chengdu (Yi Province's capital). After successfully annexing Yi Province, Liu Bei appointed Huang Quan as a Lieutenant-General (偏將軍).
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