Houston Stewart Chamberlain
| Houston Stewart Chamberlain | |
|---|---|
Portrait of Houston Stewart Chamberlain
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| Born |
9 September 1855 Southsea, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom |
| Died | 9 January 1927 (aged 71) Bayreuth, Bavaria, Germany |
| Nationality | British, German |
| Spouse(s) | Anna Horst (1878-1905), Eva von Bülow-Wagner (1908-1927) |
Houston Stewart Chamberlain (9 September 1855 – 9 January 1927) was a British-born German philosopher who wrote works about political philosophy and natural science; he is described by Michael D. Biddiss, a contributor to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography as a "racialist writer". He was also the son-in-law of German composer Richard Wagner, as, in December 1908, twenty-five years after Wagner's death, Chamberlain married the composer's daughter, Eva von Bülow (Cosima Wagner was still married to Hans von Bülow when Eva was born – her real father was Wagner). Chamberlain's best known book is the two-volume Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century), published in 1899, which became widely read in the völkisch pan-Germanic movements of the early 20th century, and, later was an influence for the antisemitism of Nazi racial policy.
Houston Stewart Chamberlain was born in Southsea, Hampshire, England, the son of Rear Admiral William Charles Chamberlain, RN. His mother, Eliza Jane, daughter of Captain Basil Hall, RN, died before he was a year old; his grandmother brought him up in France. Chamberlain's poor health frequently led him to being sent to the warmer climates of Spain and Italy for the winter. This constant moving about made it hard for Chamberlain to form lasting friendships and left him with a feeling of rootlessness, of not belonging anywhere.
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