History of the Philippines (1965–86)
| Republic of the Philippines | ||||||||||
| Republika ng Pilipinas | ||||||||||
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Anthem Lupang Hinirang "Chosen Land" |
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 Location of the Philippines in Southeast Asia.
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| Capital | Manila | |||||||||
| Languages |
Spanish Filipino English |
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| Government | Unitary semi-presidential authoritarian republic | |||||||||
| President | ||||||||||
| • | 1965–1986 | Ferdinand Marcos | ||||||||
| Vice President | ||||||||||
| • | 1965-1972 | Fernando Lopez | ||||||||
| • | 1986 | Arturo Tolentino | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | ||||||||||
| • | 1978-1981 | Ferdinand Marcos | ||||||||
| • | 1981-1986 | Cesar Virata | ||||||||
| • | 1986 | Salvador Laurel | ||||||||
| Legislature | Batasang Pambansa | |||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | 1973 Constitution | January 17, 1973 | ||||||||
| • | EDSA Revolution | Feb 23 1986 | ||||||||
| Currency | Philippine peso | |||||||||
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The history of the Philippines, from 1965–1986, covers the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos, also known as Ferdinand Marcos Administration. The Marcos era includes the final years of the Third Republic (1965–72), the Philippines under martial law (1972–81), and the majority of the Fourth Republic (1981–86).
In 1965, Ferdinand Marcos won the presidential election and became the 10th President of the Philippines. His first term was marked with increased industrialization and the creation of solid infrastructure nationwide, such as the North Luzon Expressway and the Maharlika Highway. Marcos did this by appointing a cabinet composed mostly of technocrats and intellectuals, by increasing funding to the Armed Forces, and mobilizing them to help in construction. Marcos also established schools and learning institutions nationwide, more than the combined total of those established by his predecessors.
In 1968, Senator Benigno S. Aquino Jr. warned that Marcos was on the road to establishing "a garrison state" by "ballooning the armed forces budget", saddling the defense establishment with "overstaying generals" and "militarizing our civilian government offices". These were prescient comments in the light of events that would happen in the following decade. Marcos also sent 10,450 Filipino soldiers to Vietnam during his term, under the PHILCAG (Philippine Civic Action Group). Fidel Ramos, who was later to become the 12th President of the Philippines in 1992, was a part of this expeditionary force.
In 1969, Marcos ran for a second term (allowable under the 1935 constitution then in effect), and won against 11 other candidates.
Marcos' second term was marked by economic turmoil brought about by factors both external and internal, a restless student body who demanded educational reforms, a rising crime rate, and a growing Communist insurgency, among other things.
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