History of the Philippines (1965–1986)

Republic of the Philippines
Republika ng Pilipinas
1973–1986
Flag (1985–1986) Coat of arms
Anthem Lupang Hinirang (official) "Chosen Land" Martsa ng Bagong Lipunan (secondary) "Hymn of the New Society"
Location of the Philippines in Southeast Asia.
Capital		Manila
Languages		Filipino English Spanish
Government		Conjugal semi-presidential dominant-party authoritarian republic
President
•	1965–1986	Ferdinand Marcos
Vice President
•	1965-1972	Fernando Lopez
•	1986	Arturo Tolentino
Prime Minister
•	1978-1981	Ferdinand Marcos
•	1981-1986	Cesar Virata
•	1986	Salvador Laurel
Legislature		President exercises legislative powers in conjunction to the Batasang Pambansa
History
•	1973 Constitution	January 17, 1973
•	EDSA Revolution	February 22, 1986
Currency		Philippine peso
Preceded by Succeeded by History of the Philippines (1946–65) Philippines Fifth Philippine Republic

The history of the Philippines, from 1965–1986, covers the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos, also known as Ferdinand Marcos Administration. The Marcos era includes the final years of the Third Republic (1965–72), the Philippines under martial law (1972–81), and the majority of the Fourth Republic (1981–86).

In 1965, Ferdinand Marcos won the presidential election and became the 10th President of the Philippines. His first term was marked with increased industrialization and the creation of solid infrastructure nationwide, such as the North Luzon Expressway and the Maharlika Highway. Marcos did this by appointing a cabinet composed mostly of technocrats and intellectuals, by increasing funding to the Armed Forces, and mobilizing them to help in construction. Marcos also established schools and learning institutions nationwide, more than the combined total of those established by his predecessors.

In 1968, Senator Benigno S. Aquino Jr. warned that Marcos was on the road to establishing "a garrison state" by "ballooning the armed forces budget", saddling the defense establishment with "overstaying generals" and "militarizing our civilian government offices". These were prescient comments in the light of events that would happen in the following decade. Marcos also sent 10,450 Filipino soldiers to Vietnam during his term, under the PHILCAG (Philippine Civic Action Group). Fidel Ramos, who was later to become the 12th President of the Philippines in 1992, was a part of this expeditionary force.

In 1969, Marcos ran for a second term (allowable under the 1935 constitution then in effect), and won against 11 other candidates.

Marcos' second term was marked by economic turmoil brought about by factors both external and internal, a restless student body who demanded educational reforms, a rising crime rate, and a growing Communist insurgency, among other things.