History of Sudan (1969–85)
| Democratic Republic of the Sudan | ||||||||||
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جمهورية السودان الديمُقراطية Jumhūrīyat as-Sūdān ad-Dīmuqrāṭīyah |
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Motto النصر لنا "Victory is ours" |
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Anthem السلام الجمهوري The Republican Anthem |
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| Capital | Khartoum | |||||||||
| Languages | Arabic English Other languages of Sudan |
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| Religion |
Islam Animism Christianity |
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| Government | One-party state | |||||||||
| President | ||||||||||
| • | 1969–1985 | Gaafar Nimeiry | ||||||||
| • | 1985 | Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab | ||||||||
| Vice President | ||||||||||
| • | 1969–1971 | Khalid Hassan Abbas | ||||||||
| • | 1982–1985 | Omar Muhammad al-Tayib | ||||||||
| Prime minister | ||||||||||
| • | 1969 | Babiker Awadalla | ||||||||
| • | 1985 | Al-Jazuli Daf'allah | ||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | |||||||||
| • | Established | 25 May 1969 | ||||||||
| • | Disestablisheda | 10 October 1985 | ||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||
| • | 1973 | 2,505,813 km² (967,500 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1973 est. | 14,113,590 | ||||||||
| Density | 5.6 /km² (14.6 /sq mi) | |||||||||
| • | 1983 est. | 20,594,197 | ||||||||
| Density | 8.2 /km² (21.3 /sq mi) | |||||||||
| Currency | Sudanese pound | |||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Sudan South Sudan
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| a. | The constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan was suspended on 6 April 1985. An interim constitution was adopted on 10 October 1985, renaming the country "Republic of the Sudan" [1]. | |||||||||
On May 25, 1969, several young officers calling themselves the Free Officers Movement seized power in Sudan and started the Nimeiri era in the history of Sudan. At the conspiracy's core were nine officers led by Colonel Jaafar an Nimeiri, who had been implicated in plots against the Abboud regime. Nimeiri's coup preempted plots by other groups, most of which involved army factions supported by the Sudanese Communist Party (SCP), Arab nationalists, or conservative religious groups. He justified the coup on the grounds that civilian politicians had paralyzed the decision-making process, had failed to deal with the country's economic and regional problems, and had left Sudan without a permanent constitution.
The coup leaders, joined by Babiker Awadallah, the former chief justice who had been privy to the coup, constituted themselves as the ten-member Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), which possessed collective executive authority under Nimeiri's chairmanship. On assuming control, the RCC proclaimed the establishment of a "democratic republic" dedicated to advancing independent "Sudanese socialism." The RCC's first acts included the suspension of the Transitional Constitution, the abolition of all government institutions, and the banning of political parties. The RCC also nationalized many industries, businesses, and banks. Furthermore, Nimeiri ordered the arrest of sixty-three civilian politicians and forcibly retired senior army officers.
Awadallah, appointed prime minister to form a new government to implement RCC policy directives, wanted to dispel the notion that the coup had installed a military dictatorship. He presided over a twenty-one-member cabinet that included only three officers from the RCC, among them its chairman, Nimeiri, who was also defense minister. The cabinet's other military members held the portfolios for internal security and communications. Nine members of the Awadallah regime were allegedly communists, including one of the two southerners in the cabinet, John Garang, minister of supply and later minister for southern affairs. Others identified themselves as Marxists. Since the RCC lacked political and administrative experience, the communists played a significant role in shaping government policies and programs. Despite the influence of individual SCP members, the RCC claimed that its cooperation with the party was a matter of convenience.
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