Hindko dialect
| Hindko | |
|---|---|
| Southern Hindko (ISO) Panjistani |
|
| ہندکو | |
Hindko in Shahmukhi
|
|
| Native to | Pakistan |
| Region | Peshawar, Kohat, Hazara Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pothohar Plateau, Punjab, Azad Kashmir |
|
Native speakers
|
(625,000 cited 1981) |
| Dialects |
|
| Shahmukhi | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either: hnd – Southern Hindko hno – Hazara Hindko |
| Glottolog | hind1271 |
Hindko (ہندکو ALA-LC: Hindko IPA: [hɪnd̪koː]) is a cover term for a diverse group of Lahnda (Western Punjabi) dialects spoken by people of various ethnic backgrounds in several discontinuous areas in northwestern Pakistan, primarily in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab. The various names for this language group include Hindki,Panjistani and the ambiguous .
There is a nascent language movement with a literary traditions based on Peshawari, the urban variety of Peshawar in the northwest, and another one based on the language of Abbottabad in the northeast.
The name Hindko means "the Indian language" (in contrast to neighbouring Pashto).Shackle (1979, pp. 200–1) states that Hindko is closer to Saraiki than to Standard Punjabi. Differences with other Punjabi varieties are more pronounced in the morphology and phonology than in the syntax.
The central dialect group of "Hindko proper" comprises Kohati (spoken in the city of Kohat and a few neighbouring villages in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) and the three closely related dialects of , Punjab: Chacchi (spoken in and Haripur Tehsils), Ghebi (spoken to the south in Pindi Gheb Tehsil) and Awankari (spoken in Talagang Tehsil, now part of Chakwal District). Rensch's classification based on lexical similarity also assigns to this group the rural dialects of Peshawar District.Shackle, however, sees most of them as closely related to the urban variety of Peshawar City.
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