Henrique José Pedro Maria Carlos Luis Oswald (April 14, 1852 – June 9, 1931) was a Brazilian composer and pianist.
Oswald was born in Rio de Janeiro. His father was a Swiss-German immigrant and his mother from Italy. The family name was changed from "Oschwald" due to concerns of discrimination. In 1854 the Oswald family moved to São Paulo. His mother taught music privately to aristocrats and by age twelve he had his first recital. In São Paulo, he also studied with Gabriel Guiraudon. His "farewell recital" occurred at age 16, after this he went to study in Europe.
He studied in Europe then spent several years in Florence. In 1902 he won a piano competition sponsored by Le Figaro. From 1903 to 1906 he directed the Instituto Nacional de Música in Rio de Janeiro. He also served as Brazilian consul in both The Hague and Genoa.
His work fell into disfavor after the "Semana de Arte Moderna" manifesto, but has experienced something of a revival recently, with the Piano Concerto G minor being included in Hyperion's Romantic Piano Concerto series.