Henrietta Island
| Native name: Остров Генриетты | |
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View of the shores of Henrietta Island.
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Henrietta is the northernmost island of the De Long group
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| Geography | |
| Location | Arctic Ocean |
| Coordinates | 77°06′N 156°30′E / 77.100°N 156.500°ECoordinates: 77°06′N 156°30′E / 77.100°N 156.500°E |
| Archipelago | De Long Islands |
| Area | 12 km2 (4.6 sq mi) |
| Length | 4 km (2.5 mi) |
| Width | 4 km (2.5 mi) |
| Highest elevation | 312 m (1,024 ft) |
| Highest point | Ice cap HP |
| Administration | |
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Russia
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| Federal Subject | Sakha Republic |
| Demographics | |
| Population | uninhabited |
Henrietta Island (Yakut: Хенриетта арыыта, Xenriyetta Aryyta, Russian: Остров Генриетты, Ostrov Genriyetty) is the northernmost island of the De Long archipelago in the East Siberian Sea. Administratively it belongs to the Sakha Republic of the Russian Federation.
Henrietta is roughly circular in shape and its diameter is about 6 km. Cape Melville (Mys Mel'villya), Henrietta's northernmost landhead, is the northernmost point of the De Long Islands, as well as the northernmost land thousands of miles east and west. The closest land is Jeannette Island, located to the ESE.
Almost half of the island is covered by a central ice cap that reaches its maximum height at 312 m. The ice cap area has a surface of approximately 6 km² and occupies the highest south-eastern part of the island. The southern and eastern edges of the ice cap are fringed by 40 to 50 m tall icy cliffs rising above the underlying basalt plateau.
Henrietta Island consists of folded Middle Paleozoic basaltic lava and proximal volcanogenic turbidites overlain by Cenozoic clastic sedimentary rocks. The Paleozoic strata have been intruded by numerous sills, dikes, and sheets of basalts, andesite-basalts, and porphyritic diorite. The basalts and porphyritic diorite have been dated by potassium–argon dating method to be about 310-450 million years old and the porphyritic diorite has been dated by the argon–argon dating method to be about 400-440 million years old. Gritstones that are part of the Cenozoic clastic sedimentary rocks contain fragments of underlying Paleozoic strata along with significantly older gneisses, granites, quartzites, and schists.
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