Hassan Sabbah
| Hassan-i Sabbah | |
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| Title | Mawla of Alamut |
| Born | circa 1034, Qom, Iran |
| Died | 12 June 1124 (26 Rabi'o-Saani 518) , Iran |
| Religion | Islam |
| Jurisprudence | islam |
| Main interest(s) | Islamic theology, Islamic jurisprudence, Islamic law |
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Hassan-i Sabbāh (Persian: حسن صباح Hasan-e Sabbāh) or Hassan al-Sabbāh (Arabic: حسن الصباح Ḥasan aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ) (circa 1034-1124) was a Nizārī Ismā‘īlī missionary who converted a community in the late 11th century in the heart of the Alborz Mountains of northern Persia. He later seized a mountain fortress called Alamut. He founded a group of fedayeen whose members are often referred to as the Hashshashin, or "Assassins".
Hassan is thought to have written an autobiography, which did not survive but seems to underlie the first part of an anonymous Isma'ili biography entitled Sarguzasht-e Sayyidnā (Persian: سرگذشت سیدنا). The latter is known only from quotations made by later Persian authors. Hassan also wrote a treatise, in Persian, on the doctrine of ta'līm, called, al-Fusul al-arba'a The text is no longer in existence, but fragments are cited or paraphrased by al-Shahrastānī and several Persian historians. He is the original Grand Master creating many of its main principles and foundations.
The possibly autobiographical information found in Sarguzasht-e Sayyidnā is the main source for Hassan's background and early life. According to this, Hassan-i Sabbāh was born in the city of Qom (modern Iran) in Persia in the 1050s to a family of Twelver Shī‘ah. Born and raised in Persia, Early in his life, his family moved to Rayy. Rayy was a city that had a history of radical thought since the 9th century, and it had seen Hamdan Qarmaṭ as one of its voices.
It was in this center of religious matrices that Hassan developed a keen interest in metaphysical matters and adhered to the Twelver code of instruction. From 7 to 17, he studied at home, and mastered palmistry, languages, philosophy, astronomy and mathematics (especially geometry).
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