Hassan II
| Hassan II | |
|---|---|
.jpg) |
|
| King of Morocco | |
| Reign | 26 February 1961 – 23 July 1999 |
| Predecessor | Mohammed V |
| Successor | Mohammed VI |
| Prime Ministers | |
| Born |
9 July 1929 Rabat, Morocco |
| Died | 23 July 1999 (aged 70) Rabat, Morocco |
| Burial | Royal Mausoleum, Rabat, Morocco |
| Spouse | Princess Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Amhourok Princess Lalla Latifa |
| Issue | |
| Dynasty | Alaouite |
| Father | Mohammed V |
| Mother | Lalla Abla bint Tahar |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
King Hassan II (Arabic: الحسن الثاني, MSA: (a)l-ḥasan aṯ-ṯānī, Darija: el-ḥasan ett(s)âni); 9 July 1929 – 23 July 1999) was King of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999. He was the eldest son of Mohammed V, Sultan, then King of Morocco (1909–1961), and his second wife, Lalla Abla bint Tahar (1909–1992). There were several controversies during his lifetime.
King Hassan was educated at the Imperial College at Rabat, and earned a law degree from the University of Bordeaux.
He was exiled to Corsica by French authorities on 20 August 1953, together with his father Sultan Mohammed V. They were transferred to Madagascar in January 1954. Prince Moulay Hassan acted as his father's political advisor during the exile. Mohammed V and his family returned from exile on 16 November 1955.
Prince Moulay Hassan participated in the February 1956 negotiations for Morocco's independence with his father, who later appointed him Chief of Staff of the newly founded Royal Armed Forces in April 1956. In the unrest of the same year, he led army contingents battling rebels in the mountains of the Rif. Mohammed V changed the title of the Moroccan sovereign from Sultan to King in 1957. Hassan was proclaimed Crown Prince on 19 July 1957, and became King on 26 February 1961, after his father's death.
Hassan's conservative rule, one characterized by a poor human rights record, strengthened the Alaouite dynasty. In Morocco's first constitution of 1963, Hassan II reaffirmed Morocco's choice of a multi-party political system, the only one in the Maghreb at that time. The constitution gave the King large powers he eventually used to strengthen his rule, which provoked strong political protest from the UNFP and the Istiqlal parties that formed the backbone of the opposition.
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