Harold B. Barclay (born January 3, 1924) is professor emeritus in anthropology at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. His research has focussed on rural society in modern Egypt and the northern Arab Sudan as well as political anthropology and anthropology of religion. He is also commonly acknowledged as a notable writer in anarchist theory, specialising in theories involving the structure and oppressive systems of the state and how society would operate without a formal government.