Haplogroup T (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup T-M184
Possible time of origin	39,700-45,500 years BP
Possible place of origin	North of the Alpide belt
Ancestor	LT-L298
Descendants	T1-L206
Defining mutations	M184/PAGES34/USP9Y+3178, M272, PAGES129, L810, L455, L452, L445
Highest frequencies	Dir (clan), Kurru, Bauris, Armenian Sasuntzis, Chians, Rural Saccensi, Aquilanis, Fulbe, Eivissencs, Mirandeses, Northeastern Portuguese Jews, Cretans from Lasithi, Rajus, Mahli, Zoroastrians in Kerman, Bakhtiaris, Southern Egyptians

Haplogroup T-M184, also known as haplogroup T, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. The unique-event polymorphism (UEP) that defines this clade is the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) known as M184. Other SNPs – M272, PAGES129, L810, L455, L452, and L445 – are considered to be phylogenetically equivalent to M184.

T-M184 is an immediate descendant of haplogroup LT, whose parent clade is haplogroup K. From 2002 to 2008, T-M184 was known as haplogroup K2. This clade name has since been reassigned to a different subclade of haplogroup K.

Haplogroup T is unusual in that it is both relatively rare and geographically widespread. The clade probably originated around 40,000 years ago somewhere between the North European Plain and Himalayas, despite of that some of their highest frequencies have been found in East African and East Indian populations, probably due to recent migration waves according to the available and most updated data. T2-PH110, the most basally splitted branch of T-M184, has been found in three very separate geographical regions: North European Plain, Kura-Araks Basin and Bhutan. None of these three regions belong to any of those regions with high frequencies of this linage. According to the Genographic Project the T-M184 frequencies in Germany goes from 3% to 24%, several studies give frequencies in Caucasus from 0% to 12% and the frequency in Bhutan is less than 5%.

Mendez et al. point to a very ancient origin for T1a-M70 in Europe, the subclade probably arrived with the very first farmers. This is supported by the recent findings of Haak et al. who discovered several T1a1-CTS880 members in a 7000 years old settlement in Karsdorf, Germany. Autosomal analysis of these skeletal remains show an unusual relationship with modern Southwest Asian populations, reaching close to 10%. The T1a1 skeletal remains from this settlement were also found to belong to the H mtdna haplogroup, this settlement have the highest frequency of this mtDNA haplogroup 30.4% (7/23) that have been found in any early Neolithic Europe population until now.

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Wikipedia