Haplogroup R1b
| Haplogroup R1b | |
|---|---|
.PNG) |
|
| Possible place of origin | Western Asia |
| Ancestor | R1 |
| Descendants | One immediate descendant – R1b1 (L278, M415, P25). Three secondary descendants – R1b1a (R-M269); R1b1b (R-P297); R1b1c (R-V88) |
| Defining mutations | M343 |
Haplogroup R1b (R-M343), known initially as Hg1 and Eu18, is a human Y-chromosome haplogroup.
It is the most frequently occurring paternal lineage in Western Europe, as well as some parts of Russia (e.g. the Bashkir minority) and Central Africa (e.g. Chad and Cameroon). R1b also reaches high frequencies in the Americas and Australasia, due largely to immigration from Western Europe. There is an ongoing debate regarding the origins of R1b subclades found at significant levels among some indigenous peoples of the Americas, such as speakers of Algic languages in central Canada. It is also present at lower frequencies throughout Eastern Europe, Western Asia, as well as parts of North Africa and Central Asia.
R1b has one primary branch, R1b1 (L278), which in turn has two primary branches: R1b1a (L75) and R1b1b (PH155). R1b1a is found mostly in Western Europe, although the Fula and Chadic-speaking peoples of Africa are dominated by R1b1a2 (PF6279/V88). Western Europe is dominated by the downstream subclades of R1b1a – especially R1b1a1a2 (R-M269), previously known as R1b1a2. R1b1b (PH155) is seen mostly in Western and Central Asia: e.g. Turkey, Bahrain, Bhutan, Xinjiang.
The oldest example of R1b found so far in ancient remains is the 7,000 year-old R1b1* (R-L278*) hunter-gatherer, belonging to the Samara culture of the Volga River area. (A more ancient sample had been found in Epigravetian context in Italy (Villabruna) dating 12,000 BC and reported as R1b1a.)
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