Haplogroup J-M172 (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup J-M172
Possible time of origin	15000-22000 ybp(TMRCA 19-24000ybp)
Possible place of origin	Western Asia
Ancestor	J-P209
Defining mutations	M172
Highest frequencies	Ingush 88.8% (Balanovsky 2011), Chechens 55.2% (Balanovsky 2011), Georgians 21% (Wells 2001)-72%, Azeris 24% (Di Giacomo 2004)-48% (Wells 2001), Iraqis 24%(Al-Zahery 2011)-25% Al-Zahery 2003 and Sanchez 2005, Uyghurs 34% (Shou 2010),Yaghnobis 32% (Wells 2001), Uzbeks 30.4% (Shou 2010), Greeks 10%-48%(Martinez 2007), Muslim Kurds 28.4%(Nebel 2001), Lebanese 30% (Semino 2004)(Wells 2001), Ashkenazi Jews 24%(Nebel 2001)-29% (Semino 2004), Turks 24% (Cinnioglu 2004)-40% (Semino 2000), Hazara 26.6% (Haber et al, 2012),Kuwaiti 26% (Qassemi 2009) and (Wells 2001), Cypriots 12.9% (El-Sibai 2009)-37% (Capelli 2005),Abkhaz 25% (Nasidze 2004), Iranians 22.5%(Grugni 2012)-24%,Balkars 24% (Battaglia 2008), Italians 9%-36%(Capelli 2007) and (Semino 2000), Armenians 21%(Wells 2001)-24% (Nasidze 2004), Mordvins 15.3%,Kazan Tatars 15.1%,Chuvash 14%,Sephardi Jews 15% (Shen 2004)-29% (Nebel 2001), Ossetians 16%(Balanovsky 2011)-24%(Nasidze 2004), Circassians 21.8% (Balanovsky 2011), Maltese 21% (Capelli 2005), North Indian Shia Muslims 18% (Eaaswarkhanth 2009), Palestinians 17% (Nebel 2001)-35%, Albanians 16% (Battaglia 2008)-23.5%, Syrians 14% (Di Giacomo 2004)-29%, and Kalash people 9.1%.

In human genetics, Haplogroup J-M172 or J2 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subclade (branch) of haplogroup J-P209. Haplogroup J-M172 is found in Western Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, Europe and North Africa, but it is usually associated with Northwest Asia. It is thought that J-M172 might have originated between the Caucasus Mountains, Mesopotamia and the Levant.

It is further divided into two complementary clades, J-M410 and J-M12 (M12, M102, M221, M314).

The date of origin for haplogroup J-M172 was estimated by Batini et al in 2015 as between 19,000 and 24,000 Years Before Present (YBP).Samino et al in 2004 dated the origin of the parent haplogroup, J-P209, to between 18,900 and 44,500 YBP.

It is likely that J2 men had settled over most of Anatolia, the South Caucasus and Iran by the end of the Last Glaciation 12,000 years ago.

Zalloua and Wells 2004 and al-Zaheri 2003 uncovered the earliest known migration of J2, from Sumeria to Canaan. In 2001, Nebel et al. found that, "According to Underhill et al. (2000), Eu 9 (H58) evolved from Eu 10 (H71) through a T→G transversion at M172 (emphasis added)," and that in today's populations, Eu 9 (the post-mutation form of M172) is strongest in the Caucasus, Asia Minor and the Levant, whilst Eu 10 becomes stronger and replaces the frequency of Eu 9 as one moves south into the Arabian Peninsula, so that Eastern Europeans from the Caucasus met with Arabs near and between Mesopotamia (formerly Sumeria) and the Negev Desert, as "Arabisation" spread from Arabia to the Levant and Turkey, as well as many peoples (e.g. Jews, Armenians, Lebanese) having returned from diasporas.

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