Haemoptysis

Hemoptysis
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Pulmonology
ICD-10	R04.2
ICD-9-CM	786.30
DiseasesDB	5578
MedlinePlus	003073
Patient UK	Hemoptysis
MeSH	D006469
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Hemoptysis or haemoptysis is the act of coughing up blood or blood-stained mucus from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs. This can occur with lung cancer, infections such as tuberculosis, bronchitis, or pneumonia, and certain cardiovascular conditions. Hemoptysis is considered massive if there is more than 300 mL (11 imp fl oz; 10 US fl oz) of blood lost in 24 hours. In such cases, the primary danger comes from choking, rather than blood loss.

There are many conditions involving hemoptysis bronchitis and pneumonia most commonly, but also lung cancers (in smokers, hemoptysis is often persistent), aspergilloma, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, coccidioidomycosis, pulmonary embolism, pneumonic plague, and cystic fibrosis. Rarer causes include hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT or Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome), Goodpasture's syndrome, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis. In children, hemoptysis is commonly caused by the presence of a foreign body in the airway. The condition can also result from over-anticoagulation from treatment by drugs such as warfarin.

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