Habib Bourguiba
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The supreme combatant President Habib Bourguiba |
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| الحبيب بورقيبة | |
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| 1st President of Tunisia | |
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In office 25 July 1957 – 7 November 1987 Interim: 25 July 1957 – 8 November 1959 |
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| Prime Minister |
Bahi Ladgham Hédi Nouira Mohammed Mzali Rachid Sfar Zine El Abidine Ben Ali |
| Preceded by | Office created (Muhammad VIII as King of Tunisia) |
| Succeeded by | Zine El Abidine Ben Ali |
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2nd Prime minister of the Kingdom of Tunisia 20th Head of government |
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In office 11 April 1956 – 25 July 1957 |
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| Monarch | King Muhammad VIII |
| Preceded by | Tahar Ben Ammar |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
| 1st Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
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In office 15 April 1956 – 29 July 1957 |
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| Monarch | King Muhammad VIII |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Sadok Mokaddem |
| 1st Minister of Defense | |
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In office 15 April 1956 – 29 July 1957 |
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| Monarch | King Muhammad VIII |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Bahi Ladgham |
| 1st Speaker of the National Constituent Assembly | |
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In office 9 April 1956 – 15 April 1956 |
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| Monarch | King Muhammad VIII |
| Preceded by | First officeholder |
| Succeeded by | Jallouli Fares |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Habib Ibn Ali Bourguiba 3 August 1903 Monastir, Regency of Tunisia |
| Died | 6 April 2000 (aged 96) Monastir, Tunisia |
| Resting place |
Bourguiba mausoleum Monastir, Tunisia |
| Citizenship | Tunisian |
| Political party | Socialist Destourian Party (1964–87) |
| Other political affiliations |
Neo Destour (1934–64) Destourian Movement (1930–34) |
| Spouse(s) |
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| Children |
Jean Habib Bourguiba Hajer Bourguiba (adoptive) |
| Mother | Fattouma Khefacha |
| Father | Ali Bourguiba |
| Relatives | M'hamed Bourguiba (brother) Mahmoud Bourguiba (brother) |
| Alma mater | University of Paris |
| Occupation | Political activist |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Signature |  |
| Website | www |
Habib Ben Ali Bourguiba (Arabic: الحبيب بورقيبة Ḥabīb Būrgība; 3 August 1903 – 6 April 2000) was a Tunisian lawyer, nationalist leader and statesman who served as the country's leader from independence in 1956 to 1987. He first served as the second Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Tunisia before proclaiming the Tunisian Republic in 1957 and thus becoming the first President of Tunisia. Prior to that, he played a major role in obtaining independence from France, ending the 75 years old protectorate and earning the title of "Supreme Combatant".
Bourguiba was born in Monastir into a modest family as the eighth and last child of his fraternity. He then moved to Tunis in 1907 in order to pursue his studies in Sadiki College then in Lycée Carnot, before obtaining his baccalaureate in 1924. In 1927, he graduated from the University of Paris and worked as a lawyer, after his return to Tunis, in the late 1920s. Bourguiba showed interest in fighting the protectorate since his young age. However, he only joined the national movement in the early 1930s, when he became a member of the Destour party and wrote articles denouncing the regime and its inequality. Bourguiba did not agree with the party's elders whose methods were outdated. Thus, on 2 March 1934, at 31 years old, he co-founded the Neo Destour that spearheaded the Tunisian movement for independence, during the Ksar Hellal Congress. From that moment on, he was arrested and exiled several times by the colonial administration, which unleashed its harsh repression following the riots he organized on 9 April 1938. Bourguiba was then imprisoned in the fort of Saint-Nicolas in Marseille during World War II. When he was freed, he decided to internationalize the Tunisian case and sought for the support of the Arab League. Thus, he moved to Cairo, Egypt, where he lived from 1945 to 1949. However, his attempts were in vain as the Arab countries were preoccupied with Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
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Wikipedia