Gustave Gilbert
| Gustave Gilbert | |
|---|---|
Gilbert c. 1950
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| Born | September 30, 1911 New York City |
| Died | February 6, 1977 (aged 65) Manhasset, New York |
| Nationality | US |
| Occupation | psychologist |
| Known for | Nuremberg Diary |
| Spouse(s) | Matilda Gilbert |
Gustave Mark Gilbert (September 30, 1911 – February 6, 1977) was an American psychologist best known for his writings containing observations of high-ranking Nazi leaders during the Nuremberg Trials. His Psychology of Dictatorship was an attempt to profile Adolf Hitler using as reference the testimonials of Hitler’s closest generals and commanders. Gilbert’s published work is still a subject of study in many universities and colleges, especially in the field of psychology.
Gustave Gilbert was born in the state of New York in 1911, the son of Jewish-Austrian immigrants. He won a scholarship from the School for Ethical Culture at the College Town Center in New York. In 1939, Gilbert obtained his Ph.D. in Psychology from Columbia University. Gilbert also held a diploma from the American Board of Examiners in Professional Psychology.
During World War II Gilbert was commissioned as a military psychologist with the rank of First Lieutenant. Because of his knowledge of German, he was sent overseas as a military intelligence officer.
In 1945, after the end of the war, Gilbert was sent to Nuremberg, Germany, as a translator for the International Military Tribunal for the trials of the World War II German prisoners. Gilbert was appointed the Prison Psychologist of the German prisoners. During the process of the trials Gilbert became, after Dr Douglas Kelley, the confidant of Hermann Göring, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Wilhelm Keitel, Hans Frank, Oswald Pohl, Otto Ohlendorf, Rudolf Höss, and Ernst Kaltenbrunner, among others. At first he did not tell them he was Jewish; after he told them, most of the prisoners did not mind talking to him. Gilbert and Kelley administered the Rorschach inkblot test to the 22 defendants in the Nazi leadership group prior to the first set of trials. Gilbert also participated in the Nuremberg Trials as the American Military Chief Psychologist and provided testimony attesting to the sanity of Rudolf Hess.
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