Gujarat under Aurangzeb
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Gujarat under Mughal Empire Gujarat Subah (1573–1756) |
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| Gujarat Sultanate | (1407–1535) |
| Humayun | (1535-1536) |
| Gujarat Sultanate | (1536-1573) |
| Akbar | (1573–1605) |
| Jehangir | (1605–1627) |
| Shah Jahan | (1627–1658) |
| Aurangzeb | (1658–1707) |
| Bahadur Shah I | (1707-1712) |
| Jahandar Shah | (1712–1713) |
| Farrukhsiyar | (1713–1719) |
| Muhammad Shah | (1719–1748) |
| Ahmad Shah Bahadur | (1748–1754) |
| Alamgir II | (1754–1756) |
| Gujarat under Maratha Empire | (1756-1819) |
The Mughal Empire's province Gujarat (now in India) was managed by the Viceroys appointed by the emperors. After defeating all his brothers, Aurangzeb ascended the Mughal throne in 1658. He rewarded people who had helped him in his succession war. He forgave Jaswant Singh with whom he had faught in the battle and appointed him as the viceroy of Gujarat. Mahabat Khan succeeded him who annexed Nawanagar under the Mughal control. During his time, Aurangzeb decreed some administrative reforms, ordered curbs on Hindu customs and festivals and enforced Islamic religious law. In 1664, Maratha leader Shivaji plundered Surat and emptied its riches. Under next viceroy Khan Jehan, Shivaji again attacked Surat and Janjira. Jaswant Singh was appointed the viceroy again and the Nawanagar was partially restored to its ruler. During the next viceroy Amin Khan, there was disorder in the province due to imposition of jizya tax and other discrimination and Idar revolted in 1679 but soon contained.
During next viceroy, Mukhtar Khan, Ahmedabad faced flood (1683) and the province faced the famine (1684). Sujaat Khan, the next viceroy, managed the province for nineteen years. he contained revolt of Shia Muslims in 1691 and disturbances in Kathiawad and Marwar. He made peace with Durgadas Rathod of Marwar. In 1698, Gujarat again faced scarcity. In 1703, Prince Muhammad Azam Shah was appointed as the viceroy. Durgadas was invited to Ahmedabad to be killed but he escaped. In south, the Marathas assembled and threatened to enter Gujarat. Soon they entered under Dhanaji Jadhav up to Bharuch during the rule of the next viceroy Ibrahim Khan. Under him, the Mughal forces were defeated at Ratanpur near Rajpipla and again at Baba Pyara and plundered the whole region. The emperor sent prince Muhammad Bidar Bakht with forces to help but the Marathas returned before he arrived. On the other hand, Durgadas again rebelled and sent forces but he was defeated. Ibrahim Khan soon reappointed as the viceroy just before death of Aurangzeb in 1707. Taking advantage of situation due to warring princes for succession, the Marathas under Balaji Vishwanath entered Gujarat and reached as far as Ahmedabad. Fearing heavy plunder, Ibrahim Khan negotiated and paid heavy tribute of Rupees 210000 to withdraw. Thus Marathas returned. Bahadur Shah I ascended the Mughal throne in Delhi. During Aurangzeb's rule, the Mughal Empire had weakened and started falling apart.
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