Muhammad Bidar Bakht (4 August 1670 – 8 June 1707) was a Mughal prince as the eldest son of Muhammad Azam Shah, who briefly became Mughal Emperor in 1707, and his wife Jahanzeb Banu Begum.

He is notable for being a gallant, skillful and an ever successful general, and was thus, regarded as the most able Mughal prince in his time. He was also his grandfather, Emperor Aurangzeb's favourite grandson.

Muhammad Bidar Bakht was born on 4 August 1670 to Prince Muhammad Azam and his beloved wife, Jahanzeb "Jani" Banu Begum. He was named 'Bidar Bakht' by Emperor Aurangzeb, his paternal grandfather. Bidar's mother, Jahanzeb Begum, was a Mughal princess and was a daughter of Crown Prince Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of his great-grandfather, Emperor Shah Jahan.

Aurangzeb, throughout his life, showed marks of exceptional love to Azam and Jahanzeb, and to Prince Bidar Bakht, who was a gallant, discreet and ever successful general, on all three of whom he used to constantly lavish gifts. Bidar Bakht was his grandfather's favourite grandson.

At the age of sixteen, Bidar Bakht married Shams-un-Nisa (surnamed Puti Begum), the daughter of Qamr-ud-din (titled Mukhtar Khan) on 3 December 1686 . She belonged to the Ben-i-Mukhtar family which enjoyed the greatest respect among Muslims. Bidar had always showed the greatest affection and favour to Shams-un-Nisa, who seems to have been proud and imperious. Shams-un-Nisa gave birth to Bidar's son, Shahzada Firuz Bakht on 23 August 1695.

In 1688, the Emperor sent his favourite grandson, the 17-year-old, Prince Bidar Bakht, to assume the supreme command in the Jat War. Bishan Singh Kachhawa, the new Raja of Amber (Jaipur), was appointed as commandant of Muttra with a special charge to root out the Jats. Bidar Bakht infused great vigour into the Mughal operations. The Prince laid siege to Fort Sinsani; his troops underwent great hardships from the scarcity of provisions and water; at last they fired a mine, stormed the breach and captured the fort after three hours of obstinate fighting, the Mughals losing 900 men and the Jats 1500. As a result of these operations, the Jat leaders went into hiding and the district enjoyed peace for some years.

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