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Greek Kingdom

Kingdom of Greece
Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος (Greek)
Vasíleion tīs Elládos
1832–1924
1935–1941
1944–1973
Flag (after 1822–1970) Coat of arms (1936–73)
Motto
Elefthería ī́ Thánatos
Ἐλευθερία ἢ Θάνατος
"Freedom or Death"
Anthem
Ýmnos eis tīn Eleftherían
Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν
"Hymn to Freedom"
The Kingdom of Greece in 1973.
Capital Nafplio (1832–1834)
Athens (1834–1973)
Languages Greek (Katharevousa officially, Demotic Greek popularly)
Religion Greek Orthodox
Government Absolute monarchy (1832–1843)
Parliamentary constitutional monarchy (1843–1924, 1944–1967)
Authoritarian state (1936–1941)
King
 •  1832–1862 Otto (first)
 •  1964–1973 Constantine II (last)
Prime Minister
 •  1833 Spyridon Trikoupis (first)
 •  1967–1973 Georgios Papadopoulos (last)
Historical era Modern
 •  London Protocol 30 August 1832
 •  Constitution granted 3 September 1843
 •  Second Republic 25 March 1924
 •  Monarchy restored 3 November 1935
 •  Axis occupation April 1941 October 1944
 •  Admitted to the United Nations 25 October 1945
 •  Military Junta April 21, 1967 July 23, 1974
 •  abolishment by Papadopoulos, 1973 1 July 1973
Area
 •  1920 173,779 km² (67,096 sq mi)
 •  1973 131,990 km² (50,962 sq mi)
Population
 •  1920 est. 7,156,000 
 •  1971 est. 8,768,372 
Currency Greek drachma (₯)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
First Hellenic Republic
United States of the Ionian Islands
Principality of Samos
Second Hellenic Republic
Free State of Ikaria
Cretan State
Italian Islands of the Aegean
Hellenic State (1941–44)
Second Hellenic Republic
Hellenic State (1941–44)
Greek military junta of 1967–74
Today part of  Greece

The Kingdom of Greece (Greek: Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος, Vasíleion tīs Elládos) was a state established in 1832 at the Convention of London by the Great Powers (the United Kingdom, France and the Russian Empire). It was internationally recognized by the Treaty of Constantinople, where it also secured full independence from the Ottoman Empire. This event also marked the birth of the first, fully independent, Greek state since the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottomans in the mid-15th century.

The Kingdom succeeded from the Greek provisional governments after the Greek War of Independence, and lasted until 1924. In 1924 the monarchy was abolished, and the Second Hellenic Republic was established. The restored Kingdom of Greece lasted from 1935 to 1973. The Kingdom was again dissolved in the aftermath of the seven-year military dictatorship, and the Third Republic, the current Greek government, came to be.

Most of Greece gradually became part of the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century. The Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire, the direct continuation to the ancient Roman Empire who ruled most of the Greek-speaking world for over 1100 years, had been fatally weakened since the sacking of Constantinople by the Latin Crusaders in 1204.


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