Grand Princess of Transsylvania
| (Grand) Principality of Transylvania (Groß)Fürstentum Siebenbürgen (de) Erdélyi (Nagy)Fejedelemség (hu) (Marele) Principat al Transilvaniei (ro) |
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Hungarian Crown Land (within the Habsburg Monarchy (1711–1804) and the Austrian Empire (1804–1849) Crown land of the Austrian Empire (1849–1867) |
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| Capital |
Sibiu (Hermannstadt) 1711–1791, 1848–1861 Cluj (Klausenburg) 1791–1848, 1861–1867 |
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| Monarch | ||||||
| • | 1711–1740 | Charles III (first) | ||||
| • | 1848-1867 | Franz Joseph I (last) | ||||
| History | ||||||
| • | Rákóczi's Revolt crushed | 1711 | ||||
| • | Immigration of Transylvanian Landler | 1734–1756 | ||||
| • | Revolt of Horea | 1784 | ||||
| • | Hungarian Revolution | 1848 | ||||
| • | Incorporated into Hungary | 1867 | ||||
| Today part of |
 Romania
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The Principality of Transylvania, from 1765 Grand Principality of Transylvania, was a realm of the Hungarian Crown, ruled by the Habsburg monarchs of the Kingdom of Hungary. During the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 the Hungarian government proclaimed in the April Laws of 1848 that Transylvania become fully integrated into Hungary. After the fall of the revolution, the March Constitution of Austria decreed that the Principality of Transylvania be a separate crown land entirely independent of Hungary. In 1867 the principality was reunited with Hungary proper.
In the Great Turkish War the Habsburg Emperor Leopold I had occupied the vassal Ottoman Principality of Transylvania and forced Prince Michael I Apafi to acknowledge his overlordship in his capacity as King of Hungary. Upon his death in 1690, Emperor Leopoeld decreed the Diploma Leopoldinum, which affiliated the Transylvanian territory with the Habsburg Monarchy. In 1697 Michael's son and heir Prince Michael II Apafi finally renounced Transylvania in favour of Leopold; the transfer to the Habsburg lands was confirmed by the 1699 Treaty of Karlowitz between the Holy League and the Ottoman Empire.
After Rákóczi's War of Independence had failed, the Peace of Szatmár was concluded in 1711: Habsburg control over Transylvania was consolidated, and the Princes of Transylvania were replaced with Habsburg imperial governors (Gubernatoren). In 1765 Maria Theresa and her son Emperor Joseph II proclaimed the Grand Principality of Transylvania, consolidating the special separate status of Transylvania within the Habsburg Monarchy, established by the Diploma Leopoldinum in 1691.
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Wikipedia