Prince of Transylvania

The Prince of Transylvania (German: Fürst von Siebenbürgen,Hungarian: erdélyi fejedelem,Latin: princeps Transsylvaniae. Romanian: principele Transilvaniei) was the head of state of the Principality of Transylvania from the last decades of the 16th century until the middle of the 18th century. John Sigismund Zápolya was the first to adopt the title in 1570, but its use only became stable from 1576.

The integration of Transylvania into the newly established Kingdom of Hungary began around 1003. The province became subject to intensive colonization, leading to the arrival and settlement of colonists of diverse origin, including the Hungarian-speaking Székelys and the Ethnic Germans. The territory of Transylvania was divided for administrative purposes into territorial units called "counties" and "seats".

The seven Transylvanian counties (Doboka/Dăbâca, Fehér/Alba, Hunyad/Hundedoara, Kolozs/Cluj, Küküllő/Târnava, Szolnok/Solnoc, and Torda/Turda) were institutions primarily run by local noblemen. However, their heads or ispáns were subject to the authority of a higher official, the voivode who was appointed by the kings of Hungary. The Voivode of Transylvania had a number of administrative, military and judicial responsibilities. For instance, joint general assemblies of the seven counties were convoked and headed by the voivode or his deputy, customarily at Torda/Turda. These assemblies primarily functioned as courts-of-justice, but judges for the counties were also elected by them.

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