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Government of Idaho

State of Idaho
Flag of Idaho State seal of Idaho
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): Gem State
Motto(s): Esto perpetua (Latin for Let it be perpetual)
Map of the United States with Idaho highlighted
Official language English
Demonym Idahoan
Capital
(and largest city)
Boise
Largest metro Boise metropolitan area
Area Ranked 14th
 • Total 83,800 sq mi
(216,900 km2)
 • Width 305 miles (491 km)
 • Length 479 miles (771 km)
 • % water 0.98
 • Latitude 42° N to 49° N
 • Longitude 111°03′ W to 117°15′ W
Population Ranked 39th
 • Total 1,683,140 (2016 est)
 • Density 20.1/sq mi  (7.76/km2)
Ranked 44th
 • Median household income $51,624 (36th)
Elevation
 • Highest point Borah Peak
12,662 ft (3,859 m)
 • Mean 5,000 ft  (1,520 m)
 • Lowest point Confluence of Snake and Clearwater River; Lewiston
713 ft (217 m)
Before statehood Idaho Territory
Admission to Union July 3, 1890 (43rd)
Governor C. L. "Butch" Otter (R)
Lieutenant Governor Brad Little (R)
Legislature Idaho Legislature
 • Upper house Senate
 • Lower house House of Representatives
U.S. Senators Mike Crapo (R)
Jim Risch (R)
U.S. House delegation 1Raúl Labrador (R)
2Mike Simpson (R) (list)
Time zones  
 • north of Salmon River Pacific: UTC −8/−7
 • remainder of state Mountain: UTC −7/−6
ISO 3166 US-ID
Abbreviations ID
Website www.idaho.gov
Idaho state symbols
Flag of Idaho.svg
Seal of Idaho.svg
Living insignia
Amphibian Tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum)
Bird Mountain bluebird (Sialia currucoides)
Fish Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii)
Flower Syringa (Philadelphus lewisii)
Horse breed Appaloosa
Insect Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus)
Tree Western white pine (Pinus monticola)
Inanimate insignia
Dance Square dance
Food Huckleberry
Fossil Hagerman horse (Equus simplicidens)
Gemstone Star garnet
Motto Esto perpetua ("Let it be perpetual")
Slogan Great Potatoes. Tasty Destinations.
Soil Threebear
Song "Here We Have Idaho"
Other Vegetable: potato
State route marker
Idaho state route marker
State quarter
Idaho quarter dollar coin
Released in 2007
Lists of United States state symbols

Idaho (Listeni/ˈdəh/) is a state in the northwestern region of the United States. It borders the state of Montana to the east and northeast, Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington and Oregon to the west. To the north, it shares a small portion of the Canadian border with the province of British Columbia. With a population of around 1.7 million people and an area of 83,569 square miles (216,440 km2), Idaho is the 14th largest and 39th most populous of the 50 states. The state's capital and largest city is Boise.

Idaho prior to European settlement was inhabited solely by Native American peoples, some of which still live in the area. In the early 19th century, Idaho was considered part of the Oregon Country, an area disputed between the U.S. and the United Kingdom. It officially became U.S. territory with the signing of the Oregon Treaty of 1846, but a separate Idaho Territory was not organized until 1863, instead being included for periods in Oregon Territory and Washington Territory. Idaho was eventually admitted to the Union on July 3, 1890, becoming the 43rd state.


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