Gorky, Russia
| Nizhny Novgorod Нижний Новгород (Russian) |
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.png) Clockwise: The Kremlin, Chkalov Stairs, Minin and Pozharsky Square, the State Bank in Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street, the Fair, Saint Alexander Nevsky cathedral. |
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.svg) Location of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in Russia |
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 Nizhny Novgorod
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| City Day | June 12 |
| Administrative status (as of November 2011) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Nizhny Novgorod Oblast |
| Administratively subordinated to | city of oblast significance of Nizhny Novgorod |
| Administrative center of | Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, city of oblast significance of Nizhny Novgorod |
| Municipal status | |
| Urban okrug | Nizhny Novgorod Urban Okrug |
| Administrative center of | Nizhny Novgorod Urban Okrug |
| Mayor | Vladimir Panov |
| Representative body | City Duma |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 460 km2 (180 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 Census) | 1,250,619 inhabitants |
| - Rank in 2010 | 5th |
| Density | 2,719/km2 (7,040/sq mi) |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+03:00) |
| Founded | 1221 |
| City status since | 1221 |
| Previous names |
Nizhny Novgorod (until 1932), Gorky (until 1990) |
| Postal code(s) | 603000-603999 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 831 |
| Website | adm |
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Nizhny Novgorod (Russian: Ни́жний Но́вгород, IPA: [ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət]), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, is a city in the administrative center (capital) of Volga Federal District and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in Russia. From 1932 to 1990, it was known as Gorky (Горький, IPA: [ˈɡorʲkʲɪj]), after the writer Maxim Gorky, who was born there. The city is an important economic, transportation, scientific, educational and cultural center in Russia and the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region, and is the main center of river tourism in Russia. In the historic part of the city there is a large number of universities, theaters, museums and churches. Nizhny Novgorod is located about 400 km east of Moscow, where the Oka empties into the Volga. Population: 1,250,619 (2010 Census);1,311,252 (2002 Census);1,438,133 (1989 Census).
The city was founded in 4 February 1221 by Prince Yuri II of Vladimir. In 1612 Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky organized an army for the liberation of Moscow from the Poles. In 1817 Nizhny Novgorod became a great trade center of the Russian Empire. In 1896 at a fair, an All-Russia Exhibition was organized. During the Soviet period, the city turned into an important industrial center. In particular, the Gorky Automobile Plant was constructed in this period. Then the city was given the nickname "Russian Detroit". During World War II, Gorky became the biggest provider of military equipment to the front. Due to this, the Luftwaffe constantly bombed the city from the air. The majority of the German bombs fell in the area of the Gorky Automobile Plant. Although almost all the production sites of the plant were completely destroyed, the citizens of Gorky reconstructed the factory after 100 days.
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