Golden Shield

The Golden Shield Project (Chinese: ; pinyin: jīndùn gōngchéng), also named National Public Security Work Informational Project (Chinese: 全国公安工作信息化工程), is the Chinese nationwide network-security fundamental constructional project by the e-government of the People's Republic of China. This project includes security management information system (治安管理信息系统), criminal information system (刑事案件信息系统), exit and entry administration information system (出入境管理信息系统), supervisor information system (监管人员信息系统) and traffic management information system (交通管理信息系统), etc.

The Golden Shield Project is one of the 12 important "golden" projects. The other "golden" projects are: Golden Bridges (金桥, for public economic information), Golden Customs (金关, for foreign trades), Golden Card (金卡, for electronic currencies), Golden Finance (金财, for financial management), Golden Agriculture (金农, for agricultural information), Golden Taxation (金税, for taxation), Golden Water (金水, for water conservancy information), Golden Quality (金质, for quality supervision), etc.

The Golden Shield Project also manages the Bureau of Public Information and Network Security Supervision (, or 网监局 for short), which is a bureau that is widely believed, though not officially claimed, to operate a subproject called the Great Firewall of China (GFW, Chinese: ; pinyin: fánghuǒ chángchéng), which is a censorship and surveillance project that blocks politically inconvenient incoming data from foreign countries. It is operated by the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) of the government of China. This subproject was initiated in 1998 and began operations in November 2003. It has also seemingly been used to attack international web sites using Man-on-the-side DDoS, for example GitHub on 2015/03/28.

...
Wikipedia