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Gold(III) chloride

Gold(III) chloride
AuCl3 structure.svg
Gold(III)-chloride-dimer-3D-balls.png
Gold(III)-chloride-xtal-3D-SF-B.png
Names
IUPAC name
Gold(III) trichloride
Other names
Auric chloride
Gold trichloride
Identifiers
13453-07-1 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:30076 YesY
ChemSpider 24244 N
ECHA InfoCard 100.033.280
PubChem 26030
RTECS number MD5420000
UNII 15443PR153 YesY
Properties
AuCl3
(exists as Au2Cl6)
Molar mass 303.325 g/mol
Appearance Red crystals (anhydrous); golden, yellow crystals (monohydrate)
Density 4.7 g/cm3
Melting point 254 °C (489 °F; 527 K) (decomposes)
68 g/100 ml (cold)
Solubility soluble in ether, slightly soluble in liquid ammonia
−112·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
monoclinic
Square planar
Hazards
Main hazards Irritant
Safety data sheet See: data page
R-phrases R36/37/38
S-phrases S26 S36
Related compounds
Other anions
Gold(III) fluoride
Gold(III) bromide
Other cations
Gold(I) chloride
Silver(I) chloride
Platinum(II) chloride
Mercury(II) chloride
Supplementary data page
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constantr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Gold(III) chloride, traditionally called auric chloride, is a chemical compound of gold and chlorine. With the molecular formula Au2Cl6, the name gold trichloride is a simplification, referring to the empirical formula, AuCl3. The Roman numerals in the name indicate that the gold has an oxidation state of +3, which is common for gold compounds. There is also another related chloride of gold, gold(I) chloride (AuCl). Chloroauric acid, HAuCl4, the product formed when gold dissolves in aqua regia, is sometimes referred to as "gold chloride" or "acid gold trichloride". Gold(III) chloride is very hygroscopic and highly soluble in water as well as ethanol. It decomposes above 160 °C or in light.

AuCl3 exists as a chloride-bridged both as a solid and as a vapour, at least at low temperatures.Gold(III) bromide behaves analogously. The structure is similar to that of iodine(III) chloride.

In gold(III) chloride, each gold center is square planar, which is typical of a metal complex with a d8 electron count. The bonding in AuCl3 is considered somewhat covalent.

Gold(III) chloride is most often prepared by passing chlorine gas over gold powder at 180 °C:

Another method of preparation is by reacting Au3+ species with chloride to produce tetrachloroaurate. Its acid, chloroauric acid, is then heated to eliminate hydrogen chloride gas. Reaction with aqua regia produces gold(III) chloride:


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