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Gluons

Gluon
Feynmann Diagram Gluon Radiation.svg
Diagram 1: In Feynman diagrams, emitted gluons are represented as helices. This diagram depicts the annihilation of an electron and positron.
Composition Elementary particle
Statistics Bosonic
Interactions Strong interaction
Symbol g
Theorized Murray Gell-Mann (1962)
Discovered

e+e → Υ(9.46) → 3g: 1978 at DORIS (DESY) by PLUTO experiments (see diagram 2 and recollection)
and

e+e → qqg: 1979 at PETRA (DESY) by TASSO, MARK-J, JADE and PLUTO experiments (see diagram 1 and review)
Types 8
Mass 0 (theoretical value)
< 0.0002 eV/c2 (experimental limit)
Electric charge e
Color charge octet (8 linearly independent types)
Spin 1

e+e → Υ(9.46) → 3g: 1978 at DORIS (DESY) by PLUTO experiments (see diagram 2 and recollection)
and

Gluons /ˈɡlɒnz/ are elementary particles that act as the exchange particles (or gauge bosons) for the strong force between quarks, analogous to the exchange of photons in the electromagnetic force between two charged particles. In lay terms, they "glue" quarks together, forming protons and neutrons.

In technical terms, gluons are vector gauge bosons that mediate strong interactions of quarks in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Gluons themselves carry the color charge of the strong interaction. This is unlike the photon, which mediates the electromagnetic interaction but lacks an electric charge. Gluons therefore participate in the strong interaction in addition to mediating it, making QCD significantly harder to analyze than QED (quantum electrodynamics).


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