Gluons
Diagram 1: In Feynman diagrams, emitted gluons are represented as helices. This diagram depicts the annihilation of an electron and positron.
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| Composition | Elementary particle |
|---|---|
| Statistics | Bosonic |
| Interactions | Strong interaction |
| Symbol | g |
| Theorized | Murray Gell-Mann (1962) |
| Discovered |
e+e− → Υ(9.46) → 3g: 1978 at DORIS (DESY) by PLUTO experiments (see diagram 2 and recollection) |
| Types | 8 |
| Mass |
0 (theoretical value) < 0.0002 eV/c2 (experimental limit) |
| Electric charge | 0 e |
| Color charge | octet (8 linearly independent types) |
| Spin | 1 |
e+e− → Υ(9.46) → 3g: 1978 at DORIS (DESY) by PLUTO experiments (see diagram 2 and recollection)
and
Gluons /ˈɡluːɒnz/ are elementary particles that act as the exchange particles (or gauge bosons) for the strong force between quarks, analogous to the exchange of photons in the electromagnetic force between two charged particles. In lay terms, they "glue" quarks together, forming protons and neutrons.
In technical terms, gluons are vector gauge bosons that mediate strong interactions of quarks in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Gluons themselves carry the color charge of the strong interaction. This is unlike the photon, which mediates the electromagnetic interaction but lacks an electric charge. Gluons therefore participate in the strong interaction in addition to mediating it, making QCD significantly harder to analyze than QED (quantum electrodynamics).
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