Germans in Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)

The German-speaking population in the interwar Czechoslovak Republic, 23.3% of the population at the 1921 census, is usually reduced to the Sudeten Germans, but actually there were linguistic enclaves elsewhere in Czechoslovakia, and among the German-speaking urban dwellers there were "ethnic Germans" and/or Austrians as well as German-speaking Jews. 14% of the Czechoslovak Jews considered themselves as Germans at the 1921 census, but a much higher percentage declared German as their colloquial tongue during the last censuses under the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

The denominations Carpathian Germans and Sudeten Germans were not traditionally in use among the populations so labelled, they are historically quite recent. The first was coined by historian and ethnologue Raimund Friedrich Kaindl () in the beginning of the 20th century, the second was coined in 1904 by journalist and politician Franz Jesser () and mostly used after 1919.

There were several subregions and towns with German-speaking absolute or relative majorities in the interwar Czechoslovakian Republic.

Table. 1921 ethnonational census

In Bohemia and Moravia (present-day Czech Republic), there were German Bohemians (Deutschböhmen, Čeští Němci) and German Moravians (Deutschmährer, Moravští Němci), as well as German Silesians, in e.g. the Hlučín Region (part of Czech Silesia but formerly part of the Austrian Silesia Province before Seven Years' War in 1756).

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