German-Polish Accord on East Silesia
The German-Polish Accord on East Silesia (German: Deutsch-Polnisches Abkommen über Oberschlesien), also known as the Geneva Accord, of 15 May 1922, dealt with the constitutional and legal future of Upper Silesia which partly became Polish territory after a referendum in 1921.
Upper Silesia with its mixed Polish and German population was a province of Prussia and a part of the German Reich prior to World War I. In the Treaty of Versailles, after the defeat of Imperial Germany and Austria-Hungary in World War I, it was decided that the population of Upper Silesia should hold a plebiscite to determine the division of the province between Poland and Germany, with the exception of a 333 km2 (129 sq mi) area around Hlučín (Hultschiner Ländchen), which was granted to Czechoslovakia in 1920 despite its a German-speaking majority. The plebiscite, organised by the League of Nations, was held in 1921. In Teschen Silesia there was an interim deal between the Polish and Czechoslovakian local self-government councils about the partition of past lands of the Duchy of Teschen along ethnic lines. However, that deal was not approved by the Czechoslovak government in Prague. Poland held elections in the entire disputed area, and in the Polish–Czechoslovak War Czech troops invaded the lands of Teschen Silesia on 23 January 1919, stopping on 30 January 1919 on the Weichsel River near Skotschau. The planned plebiscite was not organised in the Teschen region but was held in most other parts of Upper Silesia. On 28 July 1920, the Spa Conference divided Teschen Silesia between Poland and Czechoslovakia along the present-day border.
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