George Rockingham Gilmer

George R. Gilmer
34th Governor of Georgia
In office November 4, 1829 – November 9, 1831
Preceded by	John Forsyth
Succeeded by	Wilson Lumpkin
In office November 8, 1837 – November 6, 1839
Preceded by	William Schley
Succeeded by	Charles J. McDonald
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Georgia's at-large congressional district
In office March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1835
Preceded by	new seat
Succeeded by	Seaton Grantland
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Georgia's 1st congressional district
In office October 1, 1827 – March 3, 1829
Preceded by	Edward F. Tattnall
Succeeded by	redistricted to at-large
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Georgia's at-large congressional district
In office March 4, 1821 – March 3, 1823
Preceded by	Joel Crawford
Succeeded by	George Cary
Member of the Georgia House of Representatives
In office 1818–1819 1824
Personal details
Born	George Rockingham Gilmer April 11, 1790 Lexington, Georgia, U.S.
Died	November 16, 1859 (age 69)
Political party	Democratic-Republican Whig
Profession	Soldier, Politician

George Rockingham Gilmer (April 11, 1790 – November 16, 1859) was an American statesman and politician. He served two non-consecutive terms as the 34th Governor of Georgia, the first from 1829 to 1831 and the second from 1837 to 1839. He also served multiple terms in the United States House of Representatives.

Gilmer was born near Lexington, Georgia, in what is present day Oglethorpe County (Wilkes County at the time of his birth). He served as first lieutenant in the Forty-third Infantry Regiment from 1813 to 1815 in the campaign against the Creek during the War of 1812. He practiced law as a profession.

Gilmer's career consisted of multiple, alternating, elected positions at the state and federal level.

He was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1818, 1819, and 1824.

Gilmer was also elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1820, 1826, 1828 and 1832. However, he did not serve after the election in 1828 because he failed to accept the position within the legal time frame and the governor ordered a new election.

When he became governor of Georgia, Gilmer initiated the prosecution of Cherokee missionary Samuel Austin Worcester for violation of a law requiring all white persons residing within the Cherokee nation to obtain a license from the governor and to swear to uphold the laws of Georgia. Worcester was arrested in 1831 and sentenced to four years' hard labor. The Cherokee Nation hired a lawyer, William Wirt, and sued the state of Georgia in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia. This led to the United States Supreme Court decision Worcester v. Georgia, which struck down the Georgia statute imposing its laws on the Cherokees as violating the Treaty of Hopewell.

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