George Binney

Sir (Frederick) George Binney (DSO) (23 September 1900, Epsom, Surrey–1972) was a noted arctic explorer and Royal Naval Reserve commander. During World War II, he led or was involved in efforts, including Operation Rubble, to procure supplies of Swedish ball bearings for Britain.

Whilst still an undergraduate at Merton College, Oxford, Binney organized and was secretary to the 1921 Oxford University Spitsbergen expedition, subsequently leading both the 1923 Merton College Arctic Expedition, and the 1924 Oxford University Arctic Expedition. He was a pioneer in the use of seaplanes for Arctic survey work and wrote up this experience in his 1925 book With Seaplane and Sledge in the Arctic. The Avro 504 seaplane used was supplied by A. V. Roe and Co., Ltd. and its 180-h.p. Lynx air-cooled engine provided by Armstrong-Siddeley. (For The Avro Arctic see The Avro 504O). He was awarded the Royal Geographical Society's Back Award in 1927.

Subsequent to these expeditions he worked in the arctic for the Hudson's Bay Company (1926–1930). During this time he wrote The Eskimo Book of Knowledge (published by the Hudson's Bay Company), a book explaining a rather colonial view of the wider world to the Inuit. He also completed a course at the Dundee School of Economics in 1932.

In 1939, Binney took up a post as the Swedish representative of the UK Ministry of Supply (Iron and Steel Control). He was to assist in the acquisition of steel, machine tools, and most notably ball-bearings for the UK's armament programme. Following the outbreak of war and the isolation of Sweden after the German invasions of Norway and Denmark, Binney organised a series of blockade-running operations. This included Operation Rubble, Operation Performance, Operation Bridford, and Operation Moonshine.

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