Geology of Illinois

The strata of the bedrock geology of Illinois are dominated by Pennsylvanian age rocks which occur within the Illinois Basin.

The Illinois Basin is a northwest-southeast asymmetrical structural basin that is filled with more than 4000 meters of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. The basin covers most of Illinois, and extends into western Indiana and western Kentucky. The basin is to the north by the Mississippi River and the Kankakee Arch, to the east by the Cincinnati Arch, and to the south by the Ozark uplift and Pascola Arch.

The oldest rocks exposed in Illinois, are Cambrian, and occur along the Rock River in Ogle County. The youngest are Tertiary (Eocene) and occur in southwestern Illinois. Cretaceous Period sediments onlap the Paleozoic units in extreme southern Illinois.

A bedrock geologic map was published by Kolata et al., 2005 and is available at the Illinois State Geological Survey.

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