Geneva Agreement (1966)

The Geneva Agreement, signed in Geneva, Switzerland, on 17 February 1966, was established to resolve the disagreement between Venezuela and the United Kingdom regarding the border between Venezuela and British Guiana. The agreement's official title is the "Agreement to Resolve the Controversy over the Frontier between Venezuela and British Guiana" but is more commonly called the Geneva Agreement. It is a treaty signed by representatives of Venezuela and the United Kingdom, as well as the Prime Minister of British Guiana, in which the steps for resolution of the border controversy were detailed. The disagreement originated in Venezuela's contention that the "Arbitral Award of 1899 about the frontier between British Guiana and Venezuela is null and void", followed by Venezuela declaring ownership of a large portion of Guyana's territory.

The Geneva Agreement was published in the Official Gazette of Venezuela on 15 April 1966. It was later registered on 5 May 1966 in the General Office of the Organization of the United Nations under the Registration Number 8192.

Three months after the agreement, on 26 May 1966, the colony of British Guiana gained independence. British Guiana became the "Republic of Guyana" (and in 1970, the Cooperative Republic of Guyana), and entered the agreement as a sovereign and independent country alongside the United Kingdom and Venezuela.

The Geneva Agreement is a transitory agreement, yet to lead to a definite solution. Therefore, the contested area comes under the authority of the Government of Guyana until the situation is resolved. The first article of the document notes Venezuela's contention that the Arbitral Award of 1899 was null and void.

The agreement established the creation of a commission by the representatives of Venezuela and of British Guiana. Over a four-year term, they would have to determined a solution to the border problem.

In 1983 Venezuela proposed direct negotiation with Guyana, but Guyana proposed mediation in lieu of negotiation, by the General Assembly of the United Nations, the Security Council or the International Court of Justice. Venezuela rejected all three proposals.

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