Gelupa
| Gelug | |||||||||
| Tibetan name | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tibetan | དགེ་ལུགས་པ་ | ||||||||
|
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| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 格魯派 / 黃教 / 新噶當派 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 格鲁派 / 黄教 / 新噶当派 | ||||||||
|
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Wylie | dge lugs pa |
| Tibetan Pinyin | Gêlug |
| Lhasa IPA | [ɡèluʔ] |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Gélǔ Pài / Huáng Jiào / Xīn Gádāng Pài |
The Gelug (Wyl. dGe-Lugs-Pa) is the newest of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism. It was founded by Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), a philosopher and Tibetan religious leader. The first monastery he established was named Ganden (which gives an alternative name to the Gelug school, the Ganden-Pa), and to this day the Ganden Tripa is the nominal head of the school, though its most influential figure is the Dalai Lama. Allying themselves with the Mongols as a powerful patron, the Gelug emerged as the pre-eminent Buddhist school in Tibet and Mongolia since the end of the 16th century.
The Gelug school was also called the "New Kadam", because it saw itself a revival of the Kadam school founded by Atisha.
"Ganden" is the Tibetan rendition of the Sanskrit name "Tushita", the Pure land associated with Maitreya Buddha. At first, Tsongkhapa's school was called "Ganden Choluk" meaning "the Spiritual Lineage of Ganden". By taking the first syllable of 'Ganden' and the second of 'Choluk', this was abbreviated to "Galuk" and then modified to the more easily pronounced "Gelug".
The Kadam school was a monastic tradition in Tibet, founded by Atisa’s chief disciple Dromtön in 1056 C.E. with the establishment of Reting Monastery. The school itself was based upon the Lamrim or “Graded Path,” approach synthesized by Atisa. While it had died out as an independent tradition by the 14th century, this lineage became the inspiration for the foundation of the Gelug-pa.
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