Furfural
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| Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Furan-2-carbaldehyde
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| Other names
furfural, furan-2-carboxaldehyde, fural, furfuraldehyde, 2-furaldehyde, pyromucic aldehyde
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| Identifiers | |||
98-01-1 
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| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image | ||
| ChEBI |
CHEBI:34768 
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| ChEMBL |
ChEMBL189362
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| ChemSpider |
13863629
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.002.389 | ||
| KEGG |
C14279
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| PubChem | 7362 | ||
| UNII |
DJ1HGI319P
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| Properties | |||
| C5H4O2 | |||
| Molar mass | 96.09 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless oil | ||
| Odor | Almond-like | ||
| Density | 1.16 g/mL (20 °C) | ||
| Melting point | −37 °C (−35 °F; 236 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 162 °C (324 °F; 435 K) | ||
| 83 g/L | |||
| Vapor pressure | 2 mmHg (20°C) | ||
| -47.1·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
| Hazards | |||
| Flash point | 62 °C (144 °F; 335 K) | ||
| Explosive limits | 2.1%-19.3% | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
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LD50 (median dose)
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300–500 mg/kg (oral, mice) | ||
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LC50 (median concentration)
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370 ppm (dog, 6 hr) 175 ppm (rat, 6 hr) 1037 ppm (rat, 1 hr) |
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LCLo (lowest published)
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370 ppm (mouse, 6 hr) 260 ppm (rat) |
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| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |||
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PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) [skin] | ||
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REL (Recommended)
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No established REL | ||
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IDLH (Immediate danger)
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100 ppm | ||
| Related compounds | |||
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Related furan-2-carbaldehydes
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Hydroxymethylfurfural |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is ?) |
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| Infobox references | |||
Furfural /ˈfɜːrfjᵿræl/ is an organic compound derived from a variety of agricultural byproducts, including corncobs, oat, wheat bran, and sawdust. The name furfural comes from the Latin word furfur, meaning bran, referring to its usual source.
Furfural is a heterocyclic aldehyde, with the ring structure shown at right. Its chemical formula is OC4H3CHO. It is a colorless oily liquid with the odor of almonds, which quickly darkens when exposed to air.
It is one of the components found in vanilla.
Furfural was first isolated in 1821 (published in 1832) by the German chemist Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner, who produced a small sample as a byproduct of formic acid synthesis. At the time, formic acid was formed by the distillation of dead ants, and Döbereiner's ant bodies probably contained some plant matter. In 1840, the Scottish chemist John Stenhouse found that the same chemical could be produced by distilling a wide variety of crop materials, including corn, oats, bran, and sawdust, with aqueous sulfuric acid, and he determined the empirical formula (C5H4O2). In 1901, the German chemist Carl Harries deduced furfural's structure.
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