Front national (France)
The National Front (French: Front national, pronounced: [fʁɔ̃ na.sjɔ.nal]; FN) is a right-wing populist and nationalist political party in France. Its major policies include opposition to the French membership of the European Union, the Schengen Area and the Eurozone, economic protectionism, a zero tolerance approach to law and order issues, and opposition to free migration. As an anti-European Union party, the FN has opposed the European Union since its creation. Most political commentators place the FN on the right but other sources suggest that the party's position on the political spectrum has become more difficult to clearly define. The party was founded in 1972 to unify a variety of French nationalist movements of the time. Jean-Marie Le Pen was the party's first leader and the undisputed centre of the party from its start until his resignation in 2011. Marine Le Pen, his daughter, was elected to succeed him. In April 2017 she temporarily stepped down in order to concentrate on being the presidential candidate and to unite voters.
While the party struggled as a marginal force for its first ten years, since 1984 it has been the major force of French nationalism. The 2002 presidential election was the first in France to include a National Front candidate in the run-off, after Jean-Marie Le Pen beat the Socialist candidate in the first round. In the run-off, he finished a distant second to Jacques Chirac. Due to the French electoral system, the party's representation in public office has been limited, despite its significant share of the vote.
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