Freud family

The family of Sigmund Freud, the pioneer of psychoanalysis, lived in Austria and Germany until the 1930s before emigrating to England, Canada and the United States. Several of Freud's descendants have become well known in different fields.

Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) was born to Jewish Galician parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg, in the then Austrian Empire (now Příbor in the Czech Republic). He was the eldest child of Jacob Freud (1815–1896), a wool merchant, and his third wife Amalia Nathansohn (1835–1930). Jacob Freud was born in Tysmenitz, Galicia (now known as Tysmenytsia, near Ivano-Frankivsk, Galicia, Ukraine), the eldest child of Schlomo and Peppi (Pessel, née Hoffmann) Freud. He had two children from his first marriage to Sally Kanner (1829–1852):

Jacob's second marriage (1852–1855) to Rebecca (origin uncertain) was childless.

Jacob and Amalia Freud had eight children:

Julius Freud died in infancy. Anna married Ely Bernays (1860–1921), the elder brother of Sigmund's wife Martha. There were four daughters: Judith (b. 1885), Lucy (b. 1886), Hella (b. 1893), Martha (b. 1894) and one son, Edward (1891–1995). In 1892 the family moved to the United States where Edward Bernays became a major influence in modern public relations. He married Doris E. Fleischman (1891–1980) who became known as a prominent feminist activist. Their daughter Anne Bernays (b. 1930) is a writer and editor as was her husband Justin Kaplan (1925–2014).

Rosa (Regina Deborah Graf-Freud) married a doctor, Heinrich Graf (1852–1908). Their son, Hermann (1897–1917) was killed in the First World War; their daughter, Cacilie (1899–1922), committed suicide after an unhappy love affair. Rosa died in Auschwitz in 1942.

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