French Fifth Republic
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French Republic République française
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Location of France (dark green)
in the European Union (light green) |
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| Capital |
Paris 48°51.4′N 2°21.05′E / 48.8567°N 2.35083°E |
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| Official languages | French | ||||
| Government | Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic | ||||
| François Hollande | |||||
| Bernard Cazeneuve | |||||
| Legislature | Parliament | ||||
| Senate | |||||
| National Assembly | |||||
| Establishment | |||||
| 4 October 1958 (58 years) | |||||
| Currency | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | FR | ||||
in the European Union (light green)
The Fifth Republic is the fifth and current republican constitution of France, introduced on 4 October 1958. The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the French Fourth Republic, replacing the prior parliamentary government with a semi-presidential system. It is France's third-longest-enduring political regime, after the pre-revolutionary Ancien Régime and the Third Republic.
The trigger for the collapse of the French Fourth Republic was the Algiers crisis of 1958. France was still a colonial power, although conflict and revolt had begun the process of decolonization. French West Africa, French Indochina, and French Algeria still sent representatives to the French parliament under systems of limited suffrage in the French Union. Algeria in particular, despite being the colony with the largest French population, saw rising pressure for separation from the Metropole. The situation was complicated by those in Algeria, such as white settlers, who wanted to stay part of France. The Algerian War was not just a separatist movement but had elements of a civil war. Further complications came when a section of the French Army rebelled and openly backed the "Algérie française" movement to defeat separation.
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Wikipedia