Marxzell is an amalgamation of seven subdivisions: Marxzell in the Albtal and Burbach; Pfaffenrot and Schielberg on the surrounding heights of the Black Forest; and Weiler Fischweier, Steinhäusle and Frauenalb in the valley.

Marxzell was first mentioned in historical records in 1255. During this time a monastery existed at Frauenalb and had power over the town. After the Reformation and the subsequent country division, Marxzell in 1535 was located on the line division with a split government. When the monastery was repaired in 1631, it recovered the domination or power over the town.

In 1803 as consequence of German Mediatisation (German Reichsdeputationshauptschluss), the monastery was removed of all its power, and Marxzell came under rule of Grand Duke of Baden. There it was first ruled by the Margrave, Elector and Grand Duke of Ettlingen and since 1937 by the County of Karlsruhe.

English playwright Terence Rattigan based his 1936 play French Without Tears on his 1933 visit to the village.

The local election on 25 May 2014 brought the following result:

Marxzell is connected to the city of Karlsruhe and the town of Bad Herrenalb by the S1 branch of the Albtalbahn, an electric railway that forms part of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn.

Burbach, Pfaffenrot and Schielberg are connected with a bus service to the train station Marxzell. The bus service have the line number 114.

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