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Black Forest

Black Forest
Relief Map of Germany, Black Forest.png
Map of Germany with the Black Forest outlined in green.
Highest point
Elevation 1,493 metres (4,898 ft)
Coordinates 48°18′N 8°9′E / 48.300°N 8.150°E / 48.300; 8.150Coordinates: 48°18′N 8°9′E / 48.300°N 8.150°E / 48.300; 8.150
Dimensions
Length 150 km (93 mi)
Geography
Country Germany
State Baden-Württemberg
Parent range Southwest German Uplands/Scarplands
Geology
Orogeny Central Uplands
Type of rock Gneiss, Bunter sandstone

The Black Forest (German: Schwarzwald, pronounced [ˈʃvaʁt͡svalt]) is a large forested mountain range in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwestern Germany. It is bounded by the Rhine valley to the west and south. Its highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 metres (4,898 ft). The region is roughly oblong in shape with a length of 160 km (99 mi) and breadth of up to 60 km (37 mi).

The Black Forest stretches from the High Rhine in the south to the Kraichgau in the north. In the west it is bounded by the Upper Rhine Plain (which, from a natural region perspective, also includes the low chain of foothills); in the east it transitions to the Gäu, Baar and hill country west of the Klettgau. The Black Forest is the highest part of the South German Scarplands and much of it is densely wooded. It is composed of rocks of the crystalline basement and Bunter Sandstone and its natural boundary with the surrounding landscapes is formed by the emergence of muschelkalk, which is absent from the Black Forest bedrock. Thanks to the fertility of the soil which is dependent on the underlying rock, this line is both a vegetation boundary as well as the border between the Altsiedelland ("old settlement land") and the Black Forest, which was not permanently settled until the High Middle Ages. From north to south the Black Forest extends for over 150 kilometres, attaining a width of up to 50 kilometres in the south, and up to 30 kilometres in the north.Tectonically the range forms a lifted fault block, which rises prominently in the west from the Upper Rhine Plain, whilst seen from the east it has the appearance of a heavily forested plateau.


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Wikipedia

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