François Mitterrand
| François Mitterrand | |
|---|---|
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|
| 21st President of France | |
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In office 21 May 1981 – 17 May 1995 |
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| Prime Minister |
Pierre Mauroy Laurent Fabius Jacques Chirac Michel Rocard Édith Cresson Pierre Bérégovoy Édouard Balladur |
| Preceded by | Valéry Giscard d'Estaing |
| Succeeded by | Jacques Chirac |
| Co-Prince of Andorra | |
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In office 21 May 1981 – 17 May 1995 |
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| Prime Minister |
Òscar Ribas Reig Josep Pintat-Solans Òscar Ribas Reig Marc Forné Molné |
| Served with | Joan Martí Alanis |
| Representative | Jean-Yves Caullet |
| Preceded by | Valéry Giscard d'Estaing |
| Succeeded by | Jacques Chirac |
| First Secretary of the Socialist Party | |
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In office 16 June 1971 – 24 January 1981 |
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| Preceded by | Alain Savary |
| Succeeded by | Lionel Jospin |
| Minister of Justice | |
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In office 31 January 1956 – 12 June 1957 |
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| Prime Minister | Guy Mollet |
| Preceded by | Robert Schuman |
| Succeeded by | Edouard Corniglion-Molinier |
| Minister of the Interior | |
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In office 19 June 1954 – 23 February 1955 |
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| Prime Minister | Pierre Mendès-France |
| Preceded by | Léon Martinaud-Deplat |
| Succeeded by | Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury |
| Minister-Delegate to the Council of Europe | |
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In office 28 June 1953 – 4 September 1953 |
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| Prime Minister | Joseph Laniel |
| Preceded by | Pierre Pflimlin (1952) |
| Succeeded by | Edgar Faure (1958) |
| Minister of Overseas France | |
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In office 12 July 1950 – 15 August 1951 |
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| Prime Minister |
René Pleven Henri Queuille |
| Preceded by | Paul Coste-Floret |
| Succeeded by | Louis Jacquinot |
| Minister of Veterans and War Victims | |
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In office 24 November 1947 – 19 July 1948 |
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| Prime Minister | Robert Schuman |
| Preceded by | Daniel Mayer |
| Succeeded by | André Maroselli |
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In office 22 January 1947 – 21 October 1947 |
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| Prime Minister | Robert Schuman |
| Preceded by | Max Lejeune |
| Succeeded by | Daniel Mayer |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand 26 October 1916 Jarnac, France |
| Died | 8 January 1996 (aged 79) Paris, France |
| Resting place | Cimetiere des Grands-Maisons Jarnac, France |
| Political party |
Cross of Fire (Before 1936) Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (1945–1964) Convention of Republican Institutions (1964–1971) Socialist Party (1971–1996) |
| Spouse(s) | Danielle Gouze (m. 1944) |
| Children | Pascal Jean-Christophe Gilbert Mazarine |
| Alma mater |
University of Paris Sciences Po |
| Signature |  |
| Website | Mitterrand Institute |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |
 France
|
| Service/branch | French Army |
| Years of service | 1939-1941 |
François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (French: [fʁɑ̃swa mɔʁis mitɛʁɑ̃]; 26 October 1916 – 8 January 1996) was a French politician who was President of France from 1981 to 1995, the longest time in office of any French president. As leader of the Socialist Party, he was the first figure from the left elected president under the Fifth Republic.
Reflecting family influences, Mitterrand started political life on the Catholic nationalist right. He served under the Vichy Regime in its earlier years. Subsequently he joined the Resistance, moved to the left, and held ministerial office repeatedly under the Fourth Republic. He opposed de Gaulle's establishment of the Fifth Republic. Although at times a politically isolated figure, Mitterrand outmaneuvered rivals to become the left's standard bearer in every presidential election from 1965 to 1988, except 1969. Elected President in the May 1981 presidential election, he was re-elected in 1988 and held office until 1995.
Mitterrand invited the Communist Party into his first government, a controversial move at the time. In the event, the Communists were boxed in as junior partners and, rather than taking advantage, saw their support erode. They left the cabinet in 1984. Early in his first term, Mitterrand followed a radical economic program, including nationalization of key firms, but after two years, with the economy in crisis, he reversed course. His foreign and defense policies built on those of his Gaullist predecessors. His partnership with German Chancellor Helmut Kohl advanced European integration via the Maastricht Treaty, but he accepted German reunification only reluctantly. During his time in office he was a strong promoter of culture and implemented a range of costly "Grands Projets". He was twice forced by the loss of a parliamentary majority into "cohabitation governments" with conservative cabinets led, respectively, by Jacques Chirac (1986–88), and Édouard Balladur (1993–95). Less than eight months after leaving office, Mitterrand died from the prostate cancer he had successfully concealed for most of his presidency.
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