Fort Nepean
Coordinates: 38°18′11″S 144°39′09″E / 38.303°S 144.6524°E
Fort Nepean is a former defensive facility occupying part of Point Nepean, Victoria, Australia. It was part of a network of fortifications, commanded from Fort Queenscliff, protecting the narrow entrance to Port Phillip.
Following the 1875–76 Royal Commission into the Volunteer Forces, the Victorian Government invited the Director of Works and Fortifications in London, Lieutenant General Sir William Jervois, to Victoria to further advise on Victoria's defences. He arrived in 1873 accompanied by the Colonel Scratchley. Their joint report recommended that the basic defences for the Colony should be concentrated on the Heads, and consist of fortifications at the entrance to the Bay and on the shoals between the main shipping channels.
Fortifications and barracks were built on Point Nepean from 1873 and gun batteries were installed in 1886. By the 1890s Fort Nepean was known as "Victoria's Gibraltar". The barracks housed a Company of the Royal Victoria Volunteer Artillery Regiment.
The first coastal defence guns on the site were four 80 pounder Rifled Muzzle Loading guns in two temporary sandbagged batteries. These were moved into more substantial earth emplacements from 1880.
Ten gun emplacements were constructed between 1886 and 1890 but not all had guns installed. By 1890 there were four 6 inch breech-loading (BL) disappearing guns, two BL 9.2 inch (234 mm) Mk VI breech-loading 'counter bombardment' British Armstrong guns, a 4.7 inch quick firing (QF) gun and a QF 14 pounder. One of the former 80 pounder emplacements was used as an observation post and one new emplacement was used as an armourer's store.
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