Fort Mackinac
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Fort Mackinac
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Fort Mackinac
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| Location | Huron Rd., Mackinac Island, Michigan |
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| Coordinates | 45°51′8″N 84°37′2″W / 45.85222°N 84.61722°WCoordinates: 45°51′8″N 84°37′2″W / 45.85222°N 84.61722°W |
| Built | 1782 |
| NRHP Reference # | 70000280 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | October 15, 1966 |
| Designated | October 9, 1960 |
| Designated MSHS | February 19, 1958 |
Fort Mackinac (pronounced: MACK-in-awe) is a former British and American military outpost garrisoned from the late 18th century to the late 19th century in the city of Mackinac Island, Michigan, on Mackinac Island. The British built the fort during the American Revolutionary War to control the strategic Straits of Mackinac between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, and by extension the fur trade on the Great Lakes. The British did not relinquish the fort until fifteen years after American independence.
Fort Mackinac later became the scene of two strategic battles for control of the Great Lakes during the War of 1812. During most of the 19th century, it served as an outpost of the United States Army. Closed in 1895, the fort has been adapted as a museum on the grounds of Mackinac Island State Park.
Before 1763, the French used Fort Michilimackinac on the mainland south shore of the Straits of Mackinac to control the area. After the Treaty of Paris (1763), the British occupied the French fort but considered the wooden structure too difficult to defend. In 1780/1781, its lieutenant governor Patrick Sinclair constructed a new limestone fort on the 150-foot limestone bluffs of Mackinac Island above the Straits of Mackinac. The British held the outpost throughout the American Revolutionary War. Captain Daniel Robertson commanded the garrison on Mackinac Island from 1782 to his death in 1787. Despite the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1783), the British did not officially relinquish the fort to the United States until 1796.
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