Fluorine azide
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| Other names
triazadienyl fluoride
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| Identifiers | |
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3D model (Jmol)
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| FN3 | |
| Molar mass | 61.019 g/mol |
| Appearance | Yellow green gas |
| Melting point | −152 °C (−242 °F; 121 K) |
| Boiling point | −82 °C (−116 °F; 191 K) |
| Explosive data | |
| Shock sensitivity | Extreme |
| Friction sensitivity | Extreme |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Extremely sensitive explosive |
| Related compounds | |
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Related compounds
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Hydrazoic acid Chlorine azide |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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| Infobox references | |
Fluorine azide or triazadienyl fluoride FN3 is a yellow green gas composed of nitrogen and fluorine with formula FN3. It is counted as an interhalogen compound, as the azide functional group is termed a pseudohalogen. It resembles ClN3, BrN3, and IN3 in this respect. The bond between the fluorine atom and the nitrogen is very weak, leading to this substance being very unstable and prone to explosion. Calculations show the F–N–N angle to be around 102° with a straight line of 3 nitrogen atoms.
The gas liquifies at –82° and can be turned to a solid at –152 °C.
It was first made by John F. Haller in 1942.
Fluorine azide can be made by reacting hydrazoic acid and fluorine gas.
Another way to form it is by reacting sodium azide with fluorine.
Fluorine azide decomposes without explosion at normal temperatures to make dinitrogen difluoride. 2 FN3→ N2F2 + 2N2.
At higher temperatures such as 1000 °C fluorine azide breaks up into nitrogen monofluoride radical. FN3→ FN{a1Δ} + N2.
Solid or liquid FN3 explodes, releasing much heat. A thin film burns at the rate of 1.6 km/s. Because the explosion hazard is great only very small quantities of this substance should be handled at a time. A 0.02 g limit is recommended for experiments.
N3F adducts can be formed with the Lewis acids boron trifluoride (BF3) and arsenic pentafluoride (AsF5) at -196 °C. These molecules bond with the Nα atom.
The nitrogen atoms in this molecule can be labelled with Greek letters: Nα for nitrogen attached to fluorine, Nβ for the intermediate nitrogen, and Nγ for the terminal nitrogen. The terminal nitrogen can also be labelled Nω.
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