Florentine dialect
| Florentine | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Italy |
| Region | Florence |
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Indo-European
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| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
The Florentine dialect, or Florentine language, is a subdialect of the Tuscan dialect. It is spoken in the Italian city of Florence. A received pedagogical variant of it is called la pronuncia fiorentina emendata (literally, "the amended Florentine pronunciation") and was officially prescribed as the national language of the Kingdom of Italy, when it was established in 1861.
Famous writers such as Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarch, Giovanni Boccacio and, later, Niccolò Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini originally wrote in Florentine, the best example being perhaps Dante's Divine Comedy.
Florentine, and Central Tuscan more generally, can be distinguished from Standard Italian by differences in numerous features at all levels: phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon.
Perhaps the difference most noticed by Italians and foreigners alike is known as the gorgia toscana (literally 'Tuscan throat'), a consonant-weakening rule widespread in Tuscany in which phonemes /k/, /t/, /p/ are pronounced between vowels as fricatives [h], [θ], [ɸ] respectively. The sequence /la kasa/ la casa 'the house', for example, is pronounced [la ˈhaːsa], and /buko/ buco 'hole' is realized as [ˈbuːho]. Preceded by a pause or a consonant, /k/ is produced as [k] (as in the word casa alone or in the phrase in casa). Similar alternations obtain for /t/ → [t],[θ] and /p/ → [p],[ɸ].
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