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First Riel Rebellion

Red River Resistance
Résistance de la rivière Rouge (French)
ProvisionalMetisGovernment.jpg
The Métis provisional government
Date 1869–1870
Location Red River Colony, Rupert's Land, Canada
Result

Métis political victory

Canadian military victory

Belligerents
Métis
Provisional government
 Canada
Canadian Party
Commanders and leaders
Louis Riel
John Bruce
Ambroise-Dydime Lépine
John A. Macdonald
William McDougall
John Christian Schultz
Garnet Wolseley
Casualties and losses
None 1 (Thomas Scott)

Métis political victory

Canadian military victory

The Red River Resistance (or the Red River Rebellion, Red River uprising, or First Riel Rebellion) was the sequence of events that lead up to the 1869 establishment of a provisional government by the Métis leader Louis Riel and his followers at the Red River Colony, in what is now the Canadian province of Manitoba. For a period it had been a territory called Rupert's Land under control of the Hudson's Bay Company.

The Resistance was the first crisis of the new federal government faced following Canadian Confederation in 1867. The Canadian government had bought Rupert's Land from the Hudson's Bay Company in 1869 and appointed an English-speaking governor, William McDougall. He was opposed by the French-speaking, mostly Métis inhabitants of the settlement. Before the land was officially transferred to Canada, McDougall sent out surveyors to plot the land according to the square township system used in Ontario. The Métis, led by Riel, prevented McDougall from entering the territory. McDougall declared that the Hudson's Bay Company was no longer in control of the territory and that Canada had asked for the transfer of sovereignty to be postponed. The Métis created a provisional government, to which they invited an equal number of Anglophone representatives. Riel negotiated directly with the Canadian government to establish Manitoba as a province.


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