First Manchu invasion of Korea

First Manchu invasion of Korea
Part of Korean–Jurchen conflicts, Qing conquest of the Ming
Date January - March 3, 1627 Location Northern Korean Peninsula Result The peace treaty between Korea and Manchu.
Belligerents
Korea: Joseon dynasty China: Ming dynasty	Later Jin, Manchu
Commanders and leaders
Korea: Jeong Bong-su Yi Rip Jang Man Kim Sang-yong China: Mao Wenlong	Amin Gang Hong-rip Jirgalang Ajige Yoto Li Yongfang
Strength
Unknown	30,000

First Manchu invasion of Korea
Hangul	정묘호란
Hanja	丁卯胡亂
Revised Romanization	Jeongmyo-Horan
McCune–Reischauer	Chŏngmyo-Horan

The first Manchu invasion of Korea occurred in 1627, when Hong Taiji led the Manchu army against Korea's Joseon dynasty. It was followed by the second Manchu invasion of Korea.

Joseon helped Ming China with 10,000 soldiers when Ming China attacked Manchurian Later Jin under Nurhaci in 1619, but Korean General Gang Hong-rip surrendered to Nurhaci. Gang insisted that Korea did not hold anything against the Manchus and that he sent reinforcements only to repay an obligation to Ming.

In Korea, the Western faction deposed the realist King Gwanghaegun (Hangul: 광해군, Hanja: 光海君) and installed King Injo in 1623. This faction took explicit pro-Ming, anti-Manchu policies. In addition, Ming Mobile Corps Commander Mao Wenlong (Hanja: 毛文龍) engaged in guerrilla warfare, based in an island off the Korean peninsula.

The first Manchu expedition was triggered by Yi Gwal's rebellion against King Injo in 1624. The revolt was soon crushed but remnants fled to Manchuria. They recommended Hong Taiji to invade Korea.

In 1627, Hong Taiji dispatched Amin, Jirgalang, Ajige and Yoto to Korea, guided by Gang Hong-rip and other Koreans. The Manchus managed to march deep into Korean territory. They defeated Mao Wenlong's troops but failed to capture the commander. When the Manchus advanced southward to Hwangju, King Injo fled from Hanseong (Seoul) to Ganghwa Island in panic.

...
Wikipedia